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911.
采用流动注射分光光度法测定水中的硫化物,在酸化条件下,通过在线蒸馏释放出H:S气体,在酸性介质中与对氨基二甲基苯胺和三氯化铁反应,形成亚甲基蓝,于660nm处比色测定。方法检出限为0.004mg/L,精密度和准确度均较好,操作简便,能满足大批量水样及时准确分析的需求。 相似文献
912.
Long ER Dutch M Aasen S Welch K Hameedi MJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,111(1-3):173-222
A survey was designed and conducted to determine the severity, spatial patterns, and spatial extent of degraded sediment quality
in Puget Sound (Washington State, USA). A weight of evidence compiled from results of chemical analyses, toxicity tests, and
benthic infaunal analyses was used to classify the quality of sediments. Sediment samples were collected from 300 locations
within a 2363 km2 area extending from the US/Canada border to the inlets of southern Puget Sound and Hood Canal. Degraded conditions, as indicated
with a combination of high chemical concentrations, significant toxicity, and adversely altered benthos, occurred in samples
that represented about 1% of the total area. These conditions invariably occurred in samples collected within urbanized bays
and industrial waterways, especially near the urban centers of Everett, Seattle, Tacoma, and Bremerton. Sediments with high
quality (as indicated by no toxicity, no contamination, and the presence of a relatively abundant and diverse infauna) occurred
in samples that represented a majority (68%) of the total study area. Sediments in which results of the three kinds of analyses
were not in agreement were classified as intermediate in quality and represented about 31% of the total area. Relative to
many other estuaries and marine bays of the USA, Puget Sound sediments ranked among those with minimal evidence of toxicant-induced
degradation. 相似文献
913.
Hyland JL Balthis WL Engle VD Long ER Paul JF Summers JK Van Dolah RF 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,81(1-3):149-161
Synoptic data on concentrations of sediment-associated chemical contaminants and benthic macroinfaunal community structure were collected from 1,389 stations in estuaries along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts as part of the nationwide Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). These data were used to develop an empirical framework for evaluating risks of benthic community-level effects within different ranges of sediment contamination from mixtures of multiple chemicals present at varying concentrations. Sediment contamination was expressed as the mean ratio of individual chemical concentrations relative to corresponding sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), including Effects Range-Median (ERM) and Probable Effects Level (PEL) values. Benthic condition was assessed using diagnostic, multi-metric indices developed for each of three EMAP provinces (Virginian, Carolinian, and Louisianian). Cumulative percentages of stations with a degraded benthic community were plotted against ascending values of the mean ERM and PEL quotients. Based on the observed relationships, mean SQG quotients were divided into four ranges corresponding to either a low, moderate, high, or very high incidence of degraded benthic condition. Results showed that condition of the ambient benthic community provides a reliable and sensitive indicator for evaluating the biological significance of sediment-associated stressors. Mean SQG quotients marking the beginning of the contaminant range associated with the highest incidence of benthic impacts (73–100% of samples, depending on the province and type of SQG) were well below those linked to high risks of sediment toxicity as determined by short-term toxicity tests with single species. Measures of the ambient benthic community reflect the sensitivities of multiple species and life stages to persistent exposures under actual field conditions. Similar results were obtained with preliminary data from the west coast (Puget Sound). 相似文献
914.
PCR技术能使极微量的致病细菌的致病基因或病源微生物基因在体外快速、特异扩增百万倍,从而极易判断。我们用此技术检测故黄河(徐州市区段)TB菌和HP菌的污染情况,具有特异、灵敏、快速的特点。 相似文献
915.
应用环境流行病学原理和方法,就可能导致伊犁地区维吾尔民族中发现的氟斑牙的环境化学因子,存在于食物、大气、水、土壤的诸介质进行了调查,并进行了环境因子效应的研究,发现维吾尔民族尿氟较高,平均为2.19mg/L,波动范围为:1.65~6.10mg/L氟斑牙在维吾尔民族中呈散在发生(2%),总氟摄入量为10.75mg,奶茶中过量氟摄入为主要贡献。 相似文献
916.
Survey of phthalate pollution in arable soils in China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The problem of pollution by phthalates is of global concern due to their widespread occurrence, toxicity and endocrine disruption properties. The contamination by phthalates such as dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in 23 arable soils throughout China was investigated to evaluate the present pollution situation. The survey results demonstrated that phthalates were ubiquitous pollutants in soils in China. The total concentrations of phthalates differed from one location to another, and ranged from 0.89 to 10.03 mg kg(-1) with a median concentration of 3.43 mg kg(-1). Among the phthalates, DEHP was dominant and detected in all 23 soils. DEP and DBP were also in abundance, and DMP was rarely detected. Similar contamination patterns were observed in all 23 soils. A distinct feature of phthalate pollution in China was that the average concentration in northern China was higher than that in southern China. In addition, a close relationship was observed between the concentration of phthalates in soils and the consumption of agricultural film. The correlation showed that the application of agriculture film might be a significant pollution source of phthalates in arable soils of China. The potential risk of phthalates in soils was assessed on the basis of current guide values and limits. 相似文献
917.
918.
W. C. Schutte R. S. Cole K. R. Long C. W. Frank 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1982,1(3):257-261
Twenty seven UFFI homes in Colorado and Wisconsin were sampled for formaldehyde levels. The formaldehyde concentrations found in these homes averaged 0.059 ppm. Two homes were monitored for an extended period to determine the impact of ambient climatic conditions. 相似文献
919.
The present study used ultraviolet absorption (UVa) and the florescence intensity (FI) to evaluate the coagulation efficiency for removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the raw water from Min-Ter, Li-Yu-Ten and Yun-Ho-Shen reservoirs in Taiwan. The results indicated that the ratio of DOC removal rate and FI removal rate was maintained at about 1 at various coagulant dosages. However, the ratio of DOC removal rate and UVa removal rate decreased as the coagulant dosage increased. In addition, after coagulation, the use of florescence intensity instead of total organic carbon (TOC) is better than UVa for measuring the DOC removal rate of the raw waters gathered in different months from the three reservoirs. Furthermore, a good linear relationship between florescence intensity and DOC removal rate was observed, and the DOC/FI ratio of raw water from each reservoir can be used to predict the DOC residual concentration after enhanced coagulation. This result shows that fluorescence analysis can be used for on-line and continuous monitoring the effectiveness of organic matter removal in water treatment. 相似文献
920.
悬浮液进样石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定土壤、底泥中的铅、镓、钴、镍 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍一种悬浮液进样直接测定土壤、底泥中多种微量金属元素的快速分析方法。基体改进剂的使用,适宜的原子化温度的选择,使用水相标准溶液作校准曲线成为可能.对标准作品的测定证明了此方法的精密度和准确度较好,适合于常规环境样品分析. 相似文献