Who avoids being involved in personal carbon trading? An investigation based on the urban residents in eastern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Personal carbon trading scheme has been pulled into the public eye with the increasing urgency of downstream carbon emission reduction, and its...     

Effects of penconazole enantiomers exposure on hormonal disruption in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - PEN is a widely used triazole fungicide, usually used to control grape white rot. In the process of agricultural use, PEN will be scattered to the...     

The influence of technological innovation and human capital on environmental efficiency among different regions in Asia-Pacific

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study employs super-efficiency DEA model with desirable inputs and an undesirable output in calculating environmental efficiency values in...     

铅和铜离子在纳米羟基磷灰石上的竞争吸附动力学研究

通过吸附动力学试验研究了Pb2+和Cu2+在纳米羟基磷灰石(Nano-HAP)上的竞争吸附动力学过程,比较了吸附前后Nano-HAP的Zeta电位以及X射线衍射图谱等,对Pb2+和Cu2+在Nano-HAP上的竞争吸附机制进行了探讨.结果表明,单一铅、铜离子存在时,Pb2+较Cu2+在Nano-HAP上的吸附量要高;当铅、铜这2种离子共存时,Pb2+和Cu2+在Nano-HAP表面发生竞争吸附,铜的吸附量增加,而铅的吸附量下降.结合X射线衍射图谱和动力学反应中Ca2+的溶出量,推测出Cu2+在Nano-HAP上的吸附以静电吸附和表面络合为主,而Pb2+在Nano-HAP上的吸附以溶解-沉淀反应为主,Pb2+、Cu2+在Nano-HAP上的吸附量与Ca2+的溶出量线性关系显著(R2为0.861～0.954).分别用一级、二级动力学方程、抛物线方程、Elovich方程、双常数方程和LJ方程对Pb2+和Cu2+在Nano-HAP上的吸附动力学过程进行了拟合,其中二级动力学方程和双常数方程拟合结果较好,说明Pb2+和Cu2+在Nano-HAP表面的动力学吸附反应是一个化学反应和物理吸附均占一定比例的复杂的吸附过程.     

粉煤灰对烟气中CO2的吸收特性及矿物相演变机理研究

粉煤灰矿化CO₂是一种极具前景的减少燃煤电厂CO₂排放的技术.然而,目前还缺乏从矿物学角度对碳酸化反应机理的详细认识.本研究选取了3种粉煤灰开展碳酸化实验和矿物学研究,考察碳酸化过程中温度对碳酸化能力及粉煤灰矿物学变化的影响.结果表明,在任一温度下,BJ粉煤灰的碳酸化率均高于YA和LY粉煤灰,这是由于BJ粉煤灰中硬石膏、钙铁石和无定形相等活性矿物相含量较高,LY粉煤灰缺少高活性的钙、镁结晶相.对YA粉煤灰而言,升高温度可显著提高透辉石、尖晶石、黑钙铁矿和方镁石的转化率.在碳酸化YA粉煤灰中同时检测出碳酸钙和碳酸镁/铁,说明除含钙相其他活性元素(Mg和Fe)也参与了碳酸化过程.因此,需要对每个粉煤灰原始材料的矿物学和操作温度进行具体的个案优化,以最大限度地提高固定CO₂能力和碳酸化率.结果还表明温度对不同晶型碳酸钙的形成具有重要作用.方解石在低温(40和80℃)下形成,而文石在高温(180和220℃)下形成.     

CeCl3和CeO2对松木屑的催化热解作用研究

以松木屑为研究对象,分别负载CeCl₃和CeO₂两种催化剂,制备松木屑原位催化热解原料,探究不同添加比例的CeCl₃和CeO₂两种催化剂在不同热解温度下对松木屑热解产物的产率和气体组分的影响。结果表明:在CeCl₃和CeO₂两种催化剂的催化作用下均能使热解气和焦炭产率增加、焦油产率减小,且随着两种催化剂添加比例的增加,松木屑热解产物的产率和气体组分均有所变化;在650℃的热解温度下,与无催化剂相比,当CeCl₃添加比为10.0%时焦油产率降低至53.05%,下降了11.70%,当CeCl₃添加比为7.5%时热解气产率达到最大值18.58%,当CeCl₃添加比为10.0%时焦炭产率为26.85%,增加了7.48%,热解气H₂和CO₂组分的百分比含量显著增加;当CeO₂添加比为7.5%时焦油产率达到最小值59.95%,下降了4.80%,当CeO₂添加比为10.0%时热解气产率增加了2.39%,当CeO₂添加比为10.0%时焦炭产率相对较大值为21.66%,增加了2.29%,各热解气组分的百分比含量变化较小;在原位催化热解中,CeCl₃催化剂的催化效果优于CeO₂催化剂。     

石化企业气体泄漏红外成像检测技术研究进展

介绍了气体泄漏红外成像检测技术的工作原理和分类,综述了国内外相关单位的研究进展,重点分析了国外公司对被动式红外成像检测技术的研究情况,并对技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

中国室内挥发性有机物污染特征

近年来室内空气污染问题频发,已引起全社会的广泛关注.挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)是室内空气的主要污染物之一,其成分复杂,来源广泛,严重威胁人体健康.本文综述了中国近十年来室内VOCs在来源、浓度水平、影响因素及健康评价方面的研究进展.研究表明,室内建筑装修材料、人类活动及室外污染等来源都会影响VOCs的室内浓度;中国住宅内甲醛、苯等VOCs污染普遍存在,家具市场是甲醛污染最高的公共场所;VOCs浓度受到温湿度、通风和装修时间等因素影响;中国室内部分VOCs对人体健康影响评估值超过美国环保署可接受水平.调查更全面的室内VOCs数据,探索对各类因素影响机制,提出更有效降低VOCs对人体健康影响的措施将是未来室内空气治理重点发展方向.     

Chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM1 and PM2.5 in Tianjin, China: Impacts of biomass burning and primary biogenic sources

The submicron particulate matter (PM₁) and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) are very important due to their greater adverse impacts on the natural environment and human health. In this study, the daily PM₁ and PM_2.5 samples were collected during early summer 2018 at a sub-urban site in the urban-industrial port city of Tianjin, China. The collected samples were analyzed for the carbonaceous fractions, inorganic ions, elemental species, and specific marker sugar species. The chemical characterization of PM₁ and PM_2.5 was based on their concentrations, compositions, and characteristic ratios (PM₁/PM_2.5, AE/CE, NO₃^?/SO₄^2?, OC/EC, SOC/OC, OM/TCA, K+/EC, levoglucosan/K⁺, V/Cu, and V/Ni). The average concentrations of PM₁ and PM_2.5 were 32.4 µg/m³ and 53.3 µg/m³, and PM₁ constituted 63% of PM_2.5 on average. The source apportionment of PM₁ and PM_2.5 by positive matrix factorization (PMF) model indicated the main sources of secondary aerosols (25% and 34%), biomass burning (17% and 20%), traffic emission (20% and 14%), and coal combustion (17% and 14%). The biomass burning factor involved agricultural fertilization and waste incineration. The biomass burning and primary biogenic contributions were determined by specific marker sugar species. The anthropogenic sources (combustion, secondary particle formation, etc) contributed significantly to PM₁ and PM_2.5, and the natural sources were more evident in PM_2.5. This work significantly contributes to the chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM₁ and PM_2.5 in near-port cities influenced by the diverse sources.     

零价铁与微生物耦合修复地下水的研究进展

主要总结了零价铁与微生物耦合体系修复污染地下水的作用效能与机制,介绍了零价铁与微生物耦合体系中零价铁的和微生物的主要来源及特征,总结了该耦合技术对地下水中氯代烃、重金属以及硝酸盐的去除效能、作用机制以及产物,由于零价铁与微生物之间的协同作用,相较于单一体系,耦合体系对多种污染物的去除效率具有明显的优势,且耦合体系中污染物的去除产物更加无害化.此外,从材料本身与环境因子两个方面概述了零价铁与微生物耦合体系降解效率的影响因素,阐明了零价铁与微生物之间的交互作用机制.零价铁的毒性作用和刺激作用对微生物的生长与群落变化起到了重要作用,同时微生物的存在影响了零价铁的电子传递与钝化产物的构成.最后,提出了零价铁与微生物耦合体系的未来研究需求,总结了该技术的优势与不足,有利于该技术在地下水修复中的高效应用.