Estimating metabolic rate for butadiene at steady state using a Bayesian physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model

In a study of 133 volunteer subjects, demographic, physiologic and pharmacokinetic data through exposure to 1,3-Butadiene (BD) were collected in order to estimate the percentage of BD concentration metabolized at steady state, and to determine whether this percentage varies across gender, racial, and age groups. During the 20 min of continuous exposure to 2 parts per million (ppm) of BD, five measurements of exhaled concentration were made on each subject. In the following 40 min washout period, another five measurements were collected. A Bayesian hierarchical compartmental physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model (PKPB) was used. Using prior information on the model parameters, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation was conducted to obtain posterior distributions. The overall estimate of the mean percent of BD metabolized at steady state was 12.7% (95% credible interval: 7.7–17.8%). There was no significant difference in gender with males having a mean of 13.5%, and females 12.3%. Among the racial groups, Hispanic (13.9%), White (13.0%), Asian (12.1%), and Black (10.9%), the significant difference came from the difference between Black and Hispanic with a 95% credible interval from −5.63 to −0.30%. Those older than 30 years had a mean of 12.2% versus 12.9% for the younger group; although this was not a statistically significant difference. Given a constant inhalation input of 2 ppm, at steady state, the overall mean exhaled concentration was estimated to be 1.75ppm (95% credible interval: 1.64–1.84). An equivalent parameter, first-order metabolic rate constant, was also estimated and found to be consistent with the percent of BD metabolized at steady state across gender, race, and age strata.     

基于DO-stat流加培养控制的L-异亮氨酸发酵条件优化

L-异亮氨酸(L-lie)产生菌代谢流的前期研究报道认为,较低的溶氧浓度有利于L-异亮氨酸的积累.为进一步提高L-异亮氨酸的产量,采用DO-stat流加培养控制方法,分别研究了溶氧浓度20%、30%、35%和40%下乳糖发酵短杆菌发酵液中葡萄糖浓度的变化以及L-异亮氨酸的合成情况.结果表明,当发酵罐中溶氧浓度控制在20...     

Spatial and temporal variations of nitrogen pollution in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China

Water quality has degraded dramatically in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China, especially due to rapid economic development since 1995. This paper aims to assess spatial and temporal variations of the main pollutants (NH??-N, TN, BOD(5), COD(Mn), DO) of water quality in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, using the geographic information system, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that concentrations of BOD(5), COD(Mn), NH??-N, and TN were significantly higher in tertiary rivers than in primary and secondary rivers. From April 2006 to March 2007, the concentrations of NH? ?-N (2.25-57.9 mg/L) and TN (3.78-70.4 mg/L) in all samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (≥2 mg/L), while 5.3% of all COD(Mn) (1.83-27.5 mg/L) and 33.6% of all BOD(5) (0.34-50.4 mg/L) samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (COD(Mn)?≥ 15 mg/L, BOD(5)?≥ 10 mg/L). Monthly changes of pollutant concentrations did not show a clear pattern, but correlation analysis indicated that NH??-N and TN in tertiary rivers had a significant negative correlation with 5-day cumulative rainfall and monthly rainfall, while there were no significant correlations in primary and secondary rivers. The results of CA and spatial analysis showed that the northern part of Wen-Rui Tang River watershed was the most seriously polluted. This region is characterized by the high population density and industrial and commercial activities. The PCA and spatial analysis indicated that the degraded water quality is caused by anthropogenic activities and poor wastewater management.     

Framework for integration of urban planning, strategic environmental assessment and ecological planning for urban sustainability within the context of China

Sustainable development or sustainability has been highlighted as an essential principle in urban master planning, with increasing recognition that uncontrollable urbanization may well give rise to various issues such as overexploitation of natural resources, ecosystem destruction, environmental pollution and large-scale climate change. Thus, it is deemed necessary to modify the existing urban and regional administrative system so as to cope with the challenges urban planning is being confronted with and realize the purpose of urban sustainability. This paper contributed to proposing a mechanism which helps to make urban planning with full consideration of issues with respect to sustainable development. We suggested that the integration of urban planning, SEA and ecological planning be a multi-win strategy to offset deficiency of each mentioned political tool being individually applied. We also proposed a framework where SEA and ecological planning are fully incorporated into urban planning, which forms a two-way constraint mechanism to ascertain environmental quality of urban planning, although in practice, planning and SEA processes may conditionally be unified. Moreover, as shown in the case study, the integration of the three political tools may be constrained due to slow changes in the contextual factors, in particular the political and cultural dimensions. Currently within the context of China, there may be three major elements which facilitate integration of the three political tools, which are (1) regulatory requirement of PEIA on urban planning, (2) the promotion or strong administrative support from government on eco-district building, and (3) the willingness of urban planners to collaborate with SEA experts or ecologists.     

HHT在震动信号处理中的应用

希尔伯特-黄变换是一种处理非线性、非平稳信号的方法,它的核心是经验模态分解(EMD),但是EMD分解存在模态混叠等不足现象,针对这个问题引入了总体平均经验模分解(EEMD)算法。对实测的震动信号分别做两种算法的分解得到固有模态函数(IMF),再对其结果进行能量分析,绘制瞬时频率图、希尔伯特谱,得到信号震源的真实时频特征量,以便进一步分析震源类型,从而可以更好地实时预测震动灾害发生的可能情况。     

化学包装桶清洗清洁生产工艺研究

化学包装桶涉及化学品繁杂,有毒有害物质多,清洗过程污染防治是解决我国该行业环境污染问题的重要工作,本文作者在化学包装桶安全处理处置和综合利用长期研究和实践基础上,提出化学包装桶清洗及回收利用的全过程清洁生产技术,为我国化学包装桶安全清洗和利用提供技术支撑。     

三峡库区腹地大气氮磷营养盐湿沉降特征

为探明三峡库区大气营养盐湿沉降特征,在三峡库区腹地设置城区(万州)、郊区(晒经村)和农区(野塘溪)的3个功能区采样点,于2017年1月—12月同步采集湿沉降样品并测定氨氮(NH4+-N)、硝氮(NO3--N)、亚硝氮(NO2--N)、可溶性总氮(DTN)和可溶性总磷(DTP)的浓度,分析氮磷营养盐沉降的时空分布、组成特...     

基于区位商的旅游产业区域比较优势研究——以辽宁省为例

区位商常被用作分析地区比较优势的衡量指标来衡量某一区域要素的空间分布情况,反映某一产业部门的专业化程度,以及某一区域在高层次区域的地位和作用等.应用区位商理论对辽宁省旅游产业发展现状进行分析,并以市场占有率作为辅助衡量指标,与区位商共同作用判断区位比较优势和旅游产业发展水平,在此基础上提出区域旅游产业发展策略.     

海洋经济预警对策研究——以秦皇岛为例

分析了当前海洋经济现状,以秦皇岛为例建立了海洋经济预警模型宏观与微观指标体系,利用3S技术(全球定位系统GPS、地理信息系统GIS和遥感RS)在海洋资源调查、海洋经济预警、海洋灾害预测等可持续发展核心问题中的应用,提出海洋经济预警的系统模型及对策,以期为海洋经济的发展提供理论依据。     

浅谈武术欣赏能力在武术教学中的作用及培养对策

武术是中华民族优秀的传统体育项目,不仅具有健身、修身及防身等诸多方面的作用,同时还具备着极高的表演与观赏价值。武术欣赏有助于激发学习兴趣、提高教学质量、丰富文化知识,通过加大理论课比重、注重武术知识及规则的传授、加强校园武术文化建设、完善课外活动、加快武术欣赏的理论与实践研究等途径,可以培养武术欣赏能力,进一步提高人们的武术欣赏水平,激发人们参与武术运动的积极性以及养成终身参与体育锻炼的习惯。