生物预处理/常规与常规工艺处理西江原水的对比

采用生物预处理／常规与常规工艺处理西江微污染原水,对主要污染物的去除效果工艺进行了比较。结果表明,生物预处理／常规工艺对COD_Mn、氨氮的平均去除率达48.9%、62.3%,比常规工艺提高了18.9%、28.4%。2种工艺对浊度的去除率相当,皆为95％左右。生物预处理采用高速给水曝气生物滤池工艺,反冲洗采用气水联合方式,48 h过滤水头损失＜2 kPa,冲洗前后过滤水头损失变化量均值＜0.4 kPa。     

pH、溶解氧、叶绿素a之间相关性研究Ⅱ：非养殖水体

利用国内、外近20年的资料和饮用水水源地潘家口水库现场围隔实验结果,分析非养殖水体中pH、溶解氧（DO）和叶绿素a之间的相互关系。结果表明,当水体处于富营养化状态即叶绿素a平均含量高于10μg/L时,pH、DO与叶绿素a呈显著正相关。当叶绿素a平均含量低于10μg/L时,水体交换强或有机重污染的天然水体中DO与叶绿素a...     

不同氮磷比对多年生水生植物生长特性影响的研究

从氮、磷等植物生长的环境因子出发,研究了高低氮磷营养水平下,不同氮／磷比例的富营养化水体对聚草（Myriophyllum spicatum）、黄花水龙（Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi）、喜旱莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）生长特性的影响。结果表明,聚草在氮磷比2：1时生物量最大,且生物量在高浓度水平处理明显大于低浓度水平处理（P〈0．01）;黄花水龙在氮磷比10：1～20：1时生物量最大,高低浓度水平处理问生物量无显著性差异;喜旱莲子草在较高氮磷比20：l～40：1时生物量最大,高浓度水平处理时生物量显著性高于低浓度水平处理（P〈0．05）。在低浓度水平处理时,氮为黄花水龙和喜旱莲子草生长的主要限制因子,磷为聚草生长的主要限制因子,且喜早莲子草叶绿素增长期较其他处理提前,而黄花水龙的叶绿素变化在高低营养水平下差异不显著。营养盐水平对聚草茎长和生物量的影响较对黄花水龙和喜旱莲子草的影响明显。     

氢氧化镁对水中As（Ⅲ）的吸附作用

以氢氧化镁为吸附材料,通过单因素实验分别考察了氢氧化镁投加量、pH、温度、吸附时间对吸附效果的影响。研究了氢氧化镁对As（Ⅲ）的吸附热力学和动力学特性,并对作用机理进行了探讨。结果表明：在砷初始浓度为0.5～100 mg/L之间,温度为25℃,pH为3,氢氧化镁投加量为0.5～4 g,吸附时间为1 h的条件下,氢氧化镁...     

Internally mixed sea salt, soot, and sulfates at Macao, a coastal city in South China

Direct observation of the mixing state of aerosol particles in a coastal urban city is critical to understand atmospheric processing and hygroscopic growth in humid air. Morphology, composition, and mixing state of individual aerosol particles from Macao, located south of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and 100 km west of Hong Kong, were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (TEM/EDX). SEM images show that soot and roughly spherical particles are prevalent in the samples. Based on the compositions of individual aerosol particles, aerosol particles with roughly spherical shape are classified into coarse Na-rich and fine S-rich particles. TEM/EDX indicates that each Na-rich particle consists of a Na-S core and NaNO3 shell. Even in the absence of heavy pollution, the marine sea salt particles were completely depleted in chloride, and Na-related sulfates and nitrates were enriched in Macao air. The reason could be that SO2 from the polluted PRD and ships in the South China Sea and NO2 from vehicles in the city sped up the chlorine depletion in sea salt through heterogeneous reactions. Fresh soot particles from vehicular emissions mainly occur near curbside. However, there are many aged soot particles in the sampling site surrounded by main roads 200 to 400 m away, suggesting that the fresh soot likely underwent a quick aging. Overall, secondary nitrates and sulfates internally mixed with soot and sea salt particles can totally change their surface hygroscopicity in coastal cities.     

粉煤灰-混凝-SBR法处理高浓度洗涤剂废水

针对车间合成洗涤剂生产废水浓度高、可生化性差、负荷大等特点,采用粉煤灰吸附-混凝进行物化处理和SBR法生物处理洗涤剂废水.运行结果表明:在常温下,当处理车间废水初始COD为6000～7000 mg/L、LAS为600～650 mg/L时,物化处理COD和LAS去除率分别为76.4%和77.1%,其中粉煤灰、PAC的投加...     

日本城市污水再生利用方面的经验分析

日本开展污水再生利用工作已经有30年的历史,经过多年的积累,在综合管理、技术开发应用等方面取得了一定的成果.对日本在再生水政策标准、生产模式、处理技术和技术经济性、安全输配和水质安全性等方面的概况进行了汇总分析,并对缺水地区--福冈、东京都和横滨的再生水生产利用实例进行了介绍,以期对我国城市污水再生利用具有一定的借鉴.     

pH、溶解氧、叶绿素a之间相关性研究Ⅰ:养殖水体

利用国内、外近20年的资料和饮用水水源地潘家口水库现场围隔实验结果,分析养殖水体中pH、溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)和叶绿素a之间的相互关系.结果表明,当叶绿素a平均含量低于10μg/L时,水体交换弱的夏季和秋季养殖水域水体中pH、DO与叶绿素a无明显相关甚至无相关;水体交换强的夏季和秋季养殖水域水...     

两点进水条件下多种A2/O工艺的运行效果

在两点进水的条件下采用A2/O工艺处理化工园区废水厌氧水解出水,分析配水比对A2/O工艺处理效果的影响,以及在最优配水条件下,各类A2/O工艺处理废水的实际效果.结果表明,在厌氧段-缺氧段的配水比为30%～70%时,A2/O工艺的处理效果最好.在两点进水条件下的各类A2/O工艺中,倒置A2/O和改良A2/O比常规A2/...     

Effect of liquid-to-solid ratio on semi-solid Fenton process in hazardous solid waste detoxication

The liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) of semi-solid Fenton process (SSFP) designated for hazardous solid waste detoxication was investigated. The removal and minimization effects of o-nitroaniline (ONA) in simulate solid waste residue (SSWR) from organic arsenic industry was evaluated by total organic carbon (TOC) and ONA removal efficiency, respectively. Initially, Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to optimize the key factors of SSFP. Results showed that the removal rates of TOC and ONA decreased as L/S increased. Subsequently, four target initial ONA concentrations including 100 mg kg⁻¹, 1 g kg⁻¹, 10 g kg⁻¹, and 100 g kg⁻¹ on a dry basis were evaluated for the effect of L/S. A significant cubic empirical model between the initial ONA concentration and L/S was successfully developed to predict the optimal L/S for given initial ONA concentration for SSFP. Moreover, an optimized operation strategy of multi-SSFP for different cases was determined based on the residual target pollutant concentration and the corresponding environmental conditions. It showed that the total L/S of multi-SSFP in all tested scenarios was no greater than 3.8, which is lower than the conventional slurry systems (L/S ? 5). The multi-SSFP is environment-friendly when it used for detoxication of hazardous solid waste contaminated by ONA and provides a potential method for the detoxication of hazardous solid waste contaminated by organics.