A synergetic model for implementing an integrated management system: an empirical study in China

The implementation and certification of quality, environmental and occupational health and safety management systems have become a priority for many organizations. They are viewed as symbol for success and prerequisite for survival. However, it has been proved to be difficult to operate multiple parallel management systems covering quality, environment, and occupational health and safety and to ensure their alignment with the organization's strategy. To investigate the current status of integrated management system (IMS), a structured questionnaire survey was administrated. It is concluded that the major problems for enterprises to operate multiple parallel management systems include: it causes complexity of internal management, it lowers management efficiency, it incurs cultural incompatibility, it causes employee hostility, and increases management costs. The survey also examined the internal and external factors that affect the implementation of IMS. The internal factors include: (1) human resources, (2) organizational structure, (3) company culture, and (4) understanding and perception. The external factors consist of: (1) technical guidance, (2) certification bodies, (3) stakeholders and customers, and (4) the institutional environment. The article proposes a multi-level synergy model (strategic synergy, organizational structural-resource-cultural synergy, and documentation synergy) for an effective implementation of IMS.     

回注采出水深度除油复合配方的优选

胜利油田郝一站采出水在回注时油及悬浮物含量均不达标，采用正交实验对比了三种絮凝剂聚合铝、MAX-2、HLW003L的作用效果，确定最佳絮凝剂为MAX-2,50℃、pH 7．0时将其与反相除油剂FX复合后使用，可使处理后水中含油〈10mg／L，悬浮物〈5mg／L，能满足中低渗透油藏的注水水质指标。     

基于神经网络的活性污泥系统建模及其控制

针对松江污水厂污水处理活性污泥系统,采用神经网络技术进行建模试验研究,在对实际运行数据剔除异常数据后,将样本数据随机分成训练样本、检验样本和测试样本.用试凑法确定合理的神经网络隐层节点数,用检验样本实时监控训练过程从而避免"过训练"现象,用多次改变网络初始连接权值求得全局极小点,从而建立了泛化能力较好的基于神经网络的活性污泥系统数学模型.利用建立的神经网络模型,对活性污泥系统运行情况的仿真与控制进行了分析研究.示例研究表明:神经网络技术能较好地应用于活性污泥系统的建模与控制,有很好的理论与实践意义.     

Integrating decay, storage, kinetic selection, and filamentous backbone factors in a bacterial competition model.

Filamentous bulking in activated sludge systems occurs when filamentous organisms outgrow floc-forming bacteria and interfere with sludge settling. The competition between filaments and floc formers has been described previously using the kinetic selection and filamentous backbone theories. We hypothesized that differences in decay rates and storage abilities also affect this competition. We tested this hypothesis by integrating these four factors into a substrate-utilization model to predict and explain coexistence in a completely mixed reactor. In addition, filamentous and nonfilamentous sludges were developed in laboratory-scale reactors and analyzed to determine decay rates. The modeling results showed coexistence of the two organism types, and sensitivity analysis showed that the kinetic parameters, storage rate constants, and backbone coefficient had the greatest effect on the simulation results. Monte Carlo simulation showed the effect of storage, and the ranges of dilution rates wherein one group outcompeted the other were delineated.     

亚铁催化声化学降解罗丹明B

比较了不同金属离子对罗丹明B的声化学降解作用，发现超声时加入Fe^2＋反应速率常数为单独超声波降解时的1．6倍，反应在前5h内符合假一级动力学。研究了亚铁离子强化声化学对罗丹明B的降解作用，考察了Fe^2＋用量，溶液初始pH值，曝气，反应温度和超声功率等因素对脱色速率的影响。研究表明，酸性条件有利于染料的脱色；有曝气时的声化学脱色速率常数是单独超声时的6倍；声化学反应的活化能较低，反应在低温就可以进行；超声功率的改变对脱色速率的影响不大。UV-VIS扫描图谱显示，染料在225nm和256nm处的紫外吸收明显降低，初步探讨了罗丹明B的降解机理。     

基于BP网络的水质综合评价模型及其应用

讨论了BP网络模型存在的不足及建模条件,提出了建立合理的BP网络模型的基本原则和步骤.针对水质评价问题,通过在各类水质污染指标浓度区间内生成随机分布样本的方法,组成足够多用于BP网络训练、检验和测试用的样本,建立了辽河水质综合评价的BP网络模型;给出了区分不同类别水质的模型分界值样本和模型输出分界值.     

黄淮海平原桐粮间作生物量生长规律探讨

通过对河南省商丘县观堂乡境内桐麦间作群落的定位观测，分析了间作地内泡桐树高、胸径和树冠的生长规律，探讨了不同走向、不同行距桐麦间作地内小麦产量变化的某些规律。研究结果可为该地区在各种生境条件下统一规划乔、灌、作物多层结构的种群格局提供依据和借鉴。     

硝酸盐对毛萼田菁茎瘤固氮的影响

ＫＮＯ３对毛萼田菁（Ｓｅｓｂａｎｉａｒｏｓｔｒａｔａ）茎瘤和根瘤固氮的抑制作用与瘤中积累，碳水化合物减少（特别是蔗糖）以及豆血红蛋白（ｌｇｈｅｍｏｇｌｏｂｉｎ，Ｌｂ）浓度减少和功能受阻相关．经ＫＮＯ３处理的植株的茎瘤类菌体的呼吸作用和固氮活性明显下降．从ＫＮＯ３处理的植株茎瘤中提取的类菌体悬液加上未经ＫＮＯ３处理的正常Ｌｂ可提高固氮活性和耐ｐＯ２；加５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫＮＯ２于正常的茎瘤类菌体悬液和Ｌｂ反应体系，引起固氮活性和耐ｐＯ２都降低，证明是Ｌｂ功能受阻的重要因素．施ＫＮＯ３可能还导致茎瘤Ｏ２扩散的阻力增加．     

菌渣中青霉素对蔬菜种子萌发的生态毒性效应

为推动青霉素菌渣环境安全利用技术规范的建立,以油麦菜、油菜、白菜和生菜4种蔬菜为研究对象,以种子发芽率、幼苗鲜质量、芽长和根长为毒性敏感指标,研究了不同处理组〔ρ（PG）分别为10、100、200、400、800、1 200、1 600、2 000、2 400、3 200和4 000 mg/L〕和对照组的青霉素（Penicillin,简称“PG”）对4种蔬菜种子萌发的生态毒性响应关系.结果表明:①与对照组相比,各处理组4种蔬菜种子发芽率之间均无显著性差异（P>0.05）;当ρ（PG）≥1 200 mg/L时,油菜种子的芽长增长率在60%左右,且与对照组相比具有显著差异（P < 0.05）;在ρ（PG）为200 mg/L时,生菜鲜质量达到最大值（0.29 g）,较对照组增加了10.37%,白菜鲜质量在ρ（PG）为400 mg/L时达到最大值,较对照组增加了5.76%,而在试验浓度范围内,各处理组4种蔬菜种子的根长均随着ρ（PG）的增大表现出逐渐增强的抑制作用.②PG对4种蔬菜的根长抑制率剂量-效应关系均符合Allometric模型,即y=axb〔其中,x为ρ（PG）,y为根长抑制率,a和b均为常数〕.③油麦菜、油菜、白菜和生菜4种蔬菜对PG的根长半抑制浓度（IC₅₀）分别为1 675.11、995.67、3 736.40和2 510.24 mg/L,4种蔬菜根长抑制率对PG的敏感程度表现为油菜>油麦菜>生菜>白菜（P < 0.05）.研究显示,与油麦菜、白菜和生菜相比,油菜更适合作为PG的生态毒性指示植物.