密切值法用于城市污水处理厂布局规划的研究

用密切值法作多目标决策优选，由城市污水处理厂的3个标准方式和11个家处理厂的工艺改造投资、污水厂运行成本和处理水量等11个评价指标的极端情况，组成“虚拟”的最好（长期保留）和最差（应该废除）方案，进而求出各污水处理厂（统称为样本点）与最好、最差方案的距离，计算可综合反映与最好和最差方案距离两者水平的综合参数－密切值，并根据密切值的大小进行排序。实例计算表明，密切值法与灰色局势决策法得到相似的排序结果，说明密切值法用于城市污水处理厂布局规划是切实可行的。而且密切值法不需要确定白化函数等主观参数，计算结果更客观和可靠。     

Greenhouse gas emission and its potential mitigation process from the waste sector in a large-scale exhibition

As one of the largest human activities, World Expo is an important source of anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas emission (GHG), and the GHG emission and other environmental impacts of the Expo Shanghai 2010, where around 59,397 tons of waste was generated during 184 Expo running days, were assessed by life cycle assessment (LCA). Two scenarios, i.e., the actual and expected figures of the waste sector, were assessed and compared, and 124.01 kg CO₂-equivalent (CO₂-eq.), 4.43 kg SO₂-eq., 4.88 kg NO₃⁻-eq., and 3509 m³ water per ton tourist waste were found to be released in terms of global warming (GW), acidification (AC), nutrient enrichment (NE) and spoiled groundwater resources (SGWR), respectively. The total GHG emission was around 3499 ton CO₂-eq. from the waste sector in Expo Park, among which 86.47% was generated during the waste landfilling at the rate of 107.24 kg CO₂-eq., and CH₄, CO and other hydrocarbons (HC) were the main contributors. If the waste sorting process had been implemented according to the plan scenario, around 497 ton CO₂-eq. savings could have been attained. Unlike municipal solid waste, with more organic matter content, an incineration plant is more suitable for tourist waste disposal due to its high heating value, from the GHG reduction perspective.     

聚合硫酸铁中碱化度测定方法的研究

本文提出了在一定条件下用ＮａＦ或用ＥＤＴＡ掩蔽易于水解的Ｆｅ＾３＋后，用中和法测定聚合硫酸铁的碱化度。对两种方法进行了比较，均能获得满意的结果。     

Short- and long-range cues used by ground-dwelling parasitoids to find their host

Parasitoids of phytophagous insects face a detectability–reliability dilemma when foraging for hosts. Plant-related cues are easily detectable, but do not guarantee the presence of the host. Host-related cues are very reliable, but much harder to detect from a distance. Little is known in particular about the way coleopteran parasitoid females use these cues when foraging for a suitable place to lay their eggs. The question is of interest because, unlike hymenopteran larvae, coleopteran parasitoid larvae are highly mobile and able to forage for hosts on their own. We assessed whether females of the parasitoid rove beetle Aleochara bipustulata (L.) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) are attracted to plant (Swede roots, Brassica napus) and host-related cues [pupae of the cabbage root fly Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)]. In the field, A. bipustulata adult females were captured in selective pitfall traps containing pieces of roots damaged by D. radicum larvae, but not in traps containing pieces of healthy roots or D. radicum pupae. However, in the laboratory, the odour of D. radicum pupae attracted A. bipustulata females to mini-pitfalls. Video monitoring in the laboratory showed that foraging A. bipustulata females preferred a zone containing D. radicum pupae and larval tracks rather than one containing an extract of D. radicum-infested roots. Our results suggest a behavioural sequence where A. bipustulata females use plant-related cues at a distance, but then switch their preference to host-related cues at a close range. This would be the first observation of this behaviour in coleopteran parasitoids.     

A system dynamics urban water management model for Macau, China

Urban water resources have been facing significant pressure from population growth, urbanization, and climate change. A system dynamics urban water management model was proposed to simulate the dynamic interactions between urban water demands and society, economy, climate, and water conservation. The residents'' water conservation willingness was incorporated in the model and water-saving effects were quantified. The simulation results for Macau showed that population size was the main driving force for urban water demand. The change of temperature and precipitation has obvious effects on the landscape water demand. The water demand output is sensitive to the change in population, per capita demand, and temperature. Increased precipitation will reduce urban water demand and increased economic growth will increase water demand. By implementing integrated water conservation measures and improved water conservation willingness, water demand could be reduced by 17.5%.     

外置双U型静钻根植工法能源桩换热性能研究∗

为探究外置双U型静钻根植工法能源桩换热性能,通过现场热响应试验,利用热源理论初步分析其岩土综合导热系数,建立三维传热数值模型并进行验证。利用三维传热数值模型分析换热管间距及其导热系数、换热液流速和桩周水泥土导热系数等因素对该新型桩换热性能的影响。分析结果表明,试桩区域岩土综合导热系数为1.64W(m·K)-1。提高换热管间距、换热管导热系数、换热液流速和桩周水泥土导热系数均能提高能源桩的换热性能,但当换热管间距大于0.25 m,换热液流速达到紊流态,换热管和桩周水泥土导热系数高于岩土综合导热系数后,提高上述参数对能源桩换热性能的提高贡献不大。     

曝气生物流化池生物强化处理高氨氮制革废水研究

以曝气生物流化池(ABFT)I艺为核心,通过投加高效菌酶添加剂(简称菌荆)的方法对高氨氮制革废水进行生物强化处理研究.结果表明,在菌剂投加量为0.4 kg/m3,总水力停留时间为32 h(其中生化处理段水力停留时间为29 h)条件下,菌剂投加10 d后氨氮的去除率可达80.2%,25 d后系统即可稳定运行;出水氨氮平均为4.8 mg/L,去除率为98.8%;出水COD平均为137 mg/L,去除率为76.4%.无机碳化合物和生长因子对硝化反应有促进作用,使氨氮的去除率提高约6.6%.该结果显示了ABFT工艺在处理高氨氮制革废水上具有明显优势.     

不同回流比对无植物垂直流人工湿地除氮效果的影响

通过内碳源前置反硝化脱氮工艺试验,比较了不同回流比对垂直流人工湿地除氮效果的影响。试验结果表明,TN去除率随着回流比增加而增加,NH⁺₄-N去除率则随着回流比的增加先降低后增加的趋势,两者去除率之和以回流比200％为最高,以回流比150％次之,以回流比100％为最低。从TN的去除率来看,回流比150％略高于回流比200％。     

锌冶炼烟气制酸废水中汞的测定

采用冷原子吸收光度法测定经石灰乳和铁盐处理后的锌冶炼烟气制酸废水中汞的浓度时,可按废水中汞浓度与其pH的关系,从试样pH的高低大致估计其汞浓度范围,由此确定其稀释倍数和取样量。试样用KBrO3-KBr消解法消解,用直接法稀释,这样可以减少操作步骤、缩短测定周期、减少样品中汞的损失、提高监测结果的可靠性和准确性,同时可减少人力、物力浪费,降低监测成本。