利用植物净化室内甲醛污染的研究进展

室内甲醛污染已成为我国最主要的室内空气环境问题,严重地危害着人们的生命健康。大量的植物净化甲醛研究表明,利用观赏植物净化室内甲醛污染是一种经济有效,并符合公众需要和心理的污染修复技术。文章简要综述了近年来利用植物净化甲醛污染的机理及净化效果方面的研究进展。植物可以通过茎叶的气孔和保卫细胞的开启来吸收甲醛气体,其经过植物栅栏组织和海绵组织的扩散以及维管系统进行运输和分布,最终被植物代谢和转化,而甲醛脱氢酶和甲酸脱氢酶是植物体内代谢转化甲醛的关键酶。同时,根际微生物间的协同作用,以及更换吸附能力更强的基质或在植物叶面喷洒二氧化钛溶胶等方式也能有效地强化甲醛的去除效果。总结文献的植物筛选试验可以发现,五加科、唇形科、菊科、秋海棠科及蕨类的植物具有较好的去除甲醛效果。文章认为还需进一步加强筛选高效的净化植物、植物净化甲醛的动力学、提高植物净化甲醛能力的遗传操作以及开发联合修复技术等方面的研究。     

内分泌干扰物的非单一剂量-效应研究进展

传统毒理学理论认为,有毒物质产生毒害作用的剂量-效应关系是线性单调的,线性剂量-效应关系也是目前管理毒理学中计算化学品安全剂量的理论基础。但越来越多的研究显示,内分泌干扰物的剂量-效应关系通常不是线性的,而是U型、倒U型或更复杂的非单调剂量-效应曲线形式。以典型案例的形式介绍了近年来生理激素和内分泌干扰物非单调剂量-效应的研究进展,总结了目前认为形成非单调剂量-效应关系的机制。在此基础上,讨论了内分泌干扰物的非单一剂量-效应给目前管理毒理学中的化学品风险评价带来的挑战,并提出该领域未来的研究方向。     

温度对喷氨同时脱碳脱硫率影响的试验研究

利用氨气加水蒸汽喷射方法脱除燃煤锅炉模拟烟气中的CO2和SO2气体,烟气中CO2和SO2气体的体积分数分别为12％和0．25％．设定水蒸气温度50℃恒定,以确保反应器中水蒸汽的含湿量较低,其化学反应温度在25℃～95℃之间变化,同时喷入氨气与水蒸气的混合气体,其脱碳脱硫率随反应时间的变化表明：反应温度为55℃～60℃时,CO2和SO2的最大脱除率分别达到70％和95％．对化学反应产物进行FTIR试验,表明其反应产物主要是碳酸铵盐和硫酸铵盐的混合物．配合BET解吸试验,结果表明：在低含湿量条件下,采用喷氨方法,脱除电厂烟气中的CO2和SO2气体过程中,CO2气体除了被氨吸收发生化学反应,生成(NH4)2SO4和NH4HCO3晶体外,还被吸附在(NH4)2SO4和NH4HCO3晶体的空隙里．     

Evolution of e-waste resources disposal with propaganda education and monetary incentives: the influence mechanism of consumer knowledge level

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Consumer’s proper disposal of electronic waste (e-waste) resources is an indispensable component of the construction of green recycling...     

Aeolian flux of metals in Taiwan in the past 2600 years

To identify anthropogenic sources of pollution, it is useful to compare recent and historical data, yet unfortunately such data are lacking in Taiwan. Thus, we studied the sediments deposited in the remote anoxic, subalpine Great Ghost Lake over a time span of 2600 yrs. Not only could a baseline be established, but also natural variations could be identified. Aeolian Asian dust particles seem to have played a significant role in the flux of 26 elements (Al, As, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, Si, Sr, Ti, V, Zn and Zr) in Great Ghost Lake. The fluxes have generally been higher during dry periods, especially since 1350 AD. On the other hand, local pollution from lead seems to have gained importance since 1945 AD. Recent aeolian fluxes were also calculated based on sediment data, and those results agree with direct measurements obtained in the region.     

EPA develops process to destroy Kepone

Environmental Management -     

罩壳锥面侧向冲孔模

介绍了锥面上冲孔用斜楔块代替立式凸模；中JL．改善了凸模的受力状况．并提高了模具寿命。     

试论高校图书馆的隐性教育

本文说明了隐性教育的概念, 指出了高校图书馆隐性教育的功能, 并从教育主体的自主性、教育内容的素质性、教育方位的开放性、教育方式的潜隐性、教育评价的非程序性以及教育管理的预期性等六个方面论述了高校图书馆隐性教育的特性, 最后提出了深化物质性隐性教育、行为性隐性教育以及制度性隐性教育等深化高校图书馆隐性教育的三大途径.     

Case study I: application of the divalent cation bridging theory to improve biofloc properties and industrial activated sludge system performance-direct addition of divalent cations.

The objectives of this study were to examine the application of the divalent cation bridging theory (DCBT) to improve settling, dewatering, and effluent quality in pilot-scale reactors and a full-scale system treating an industrial wastewater. This was accomplished by lowering the monovalent-to-divalent (M/D) cation ratio by direct divalent cation addition. Research has shown that the M/D ratio is a potential indicator for settling and dewatering problems at wastewater treatment plants, and M/D ratios above 2 have been associated with poor settling, dewatering, and effluent quality. The M/D ratio of the wastewater in this study ranged from 6 to 20. The cations studied were calcium and magnesium. Results showed that the addition of calcium improved floc properties compared to control reactors with no calcium addition. The reductions in sludge volume index, effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), and effluent total suspended solids (TSS) were approximately 35, 34, and 55%, respectively, when the M/D ratio was decreased to approximately 2:1. In addition, the cake solids from a belt filter press simulator increased by 72% and the optimum polymer dose required for conditioning was reduced by 70% in the reactor fed the highest calcium concentration when compared to control reactors with no calcium addition. The addition of calcium also decreased the negative effect of high filamentous organism numbers. In general, the addition of magnesium (Mg2+) had similar effects on effluent quality and dewatering properties, although some differences were measured. A full-scale test using calcium addition was performed. Measurements of effluent quality and floc properties were performed before, during, and after the calcium (Ca2+) addition period. The average M/D ratio during these periods was 6.2, 4.6, and 14.0, respectively. The addition of Ca2+ decreased the effluent five-day biochemical oxygen demand, effluent TSS, and effluent COD. The increased Ca2+ concentration also improved dewatering measured by a decrease in specific resistance to filtration and capillary suction time. Overall, the addition of divalent cations to the pilot- and full-scale activated sludge systems improved floc properties and the data fit well with the DCBT.     

青霉菌P－93对偶氮染料的降解特性研究

采用富集培养的方法，从土壤中分离得到一株对偶氮染料酸性大红（ＧＲ）和酸性黑（ＡＴＴ）有较强脱色能力的青霉菌Ｐ－９３（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍｓｐ．Ｐ－９３）。该菌以ＧＲ和ＡＴＴ作为唯一Ｃ源和唯一Ｎ源均能生长。Ｐ－９３在ｐＨ４．０─８．０的范围内对ＡＴＴ的脱色率都在８０％以上，在２８－３７℃的温度范围内对ＧＲ和ＡＴＴ的脱色率也都超过８０％。对降解产物的紫外─可见光光谱分析表明，对ＧＲ和ＡＴＴ在可见光区的吸收峰（４８７．１ｎｍ，４８６．２ｎｍ和５９６．５ｎｍ）明显消失，而在紫外区的光吸收有所加强。Ｐ－９３中降解ＧＲ和ＡＴＴ的酶主要存在于细胞内，其生物合成不受染料的诱导。