构建自然灾害应急物流系统的思考

<正>在抗震救灾应急物流中的思考5·12汶川特大地震发生后,绍兴市民政系统快速反应,紧急部署,启动工作预案,纷纷捐款捐物,及时在媒体上公布捐赠热线和捐赠专用账户,与市直机关党工委联合发出向灾区捐款捐物的倡议。全局上下把抗震救灾工作作为一项重大政治任务,把接收捐赠作为支援灾区的实际行动,全力以赴,探索创新,保质保量及时完成帐篷、     

氧化改性对活性炭吸附二苯并噻吩的影响

采用硝酸作为氧化剂,对树脂基球形活性炭(RCS)表面进行氧化改性,分别考察了氧化时间、氧化温度及硝酸浓度对改性RCS吸附脱除油品中二苯并噻吩(DBT)的性能影响.通过N2吸附、Boehm滴定和热重分析等手段对改性前后的RCS进行表征.实验结果表明:较为经济有效的改性工艺条件为硝酸浓度10 mol/L,氧化温度60℃,氧化时间3h;改性RCS的比表面积和总孔体积都有所下降;硝酸改性后,RCS的表面酸性基团含量由0.83 mmol/g提高至3.85 mmol/g;改性前后RCS吸附DBT的等温线可较好地用Freundlich方程进行拟合.     

亚硝基胍对泥鳅红细胞微核及核异常的诱发

研究了诱变剂对泥鳅红细胞微核和核异常的诱发作用,以寻求较为简便的检测水体中污染物对遗传物质的损害程度及毒理效应的方法。试验以亚硝基胍（MNNG）作为诱变剂,研究其不同浓度和染毒时间对泥鳅红细胞微核形成和核异常的影响。试验结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,微核细胞率与亚硝基胍浓度呈正相关;但当浓度过高时,微核细胞率反而降低。此外,研究还发现,随着亚硝基胍浓度的升高,微核细胞率出现高峰的时间也相应提前。从试验结果来看,微核测定法确是遗传毒理学试验中一个较为理想的监测手段。     

能量代谢动力学模型对污水处理参数优化

从本质上说,微生物的降解的过程就是微生物能量代谢的过程,从能量守恒原理出发,通过简化,导出了能量代谢动力学模型,从而从微观领域建立了能量参数与系统参数之间的联系,同时通过模型实验求解出其中的参数,找出微生物比增殖速率和基于ATP的能量比利用速率之间的关系,进而可以根据实际进水水质对系统参数进行计算,优化处理过程,用以确定和校正一些凭经验设计的关键参数。因此,能量代谢方程在理论上和实践上都具有重要的意义。     

基于QUAL2K模型的鹤壁卫河水质模拟预警研究

水质预报预警对于防范水污染、降低水污染风险及其带来的损失、保障用水安全及水环境质量等具有重大意义。提出了一种基于QUAL2K模型的水质模拟预警方法,包括水质模拟预测、预警指数计算和警情确定,以海河流域鹤壁市卫河为例进行实证研究。研究结果表明:基于QUAL2K模型模拟精度分别为COD 97.7%、NH_3-N 98.5%,水质模拟效果较好;所选河段预警时段内COD基本处于无警和轻警2个级别,氨氮大多是巨警,浓度严重超标,是导致监测断面预警指数高的主要原因。     

Emission reduction characteristics of a catalyzed continuously regenerating trap after-treatment system and its durability performance

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a catalyzed continuously regenerating trap(CCRT)system composed of a diesel oxidation catalyst(DOC)and a catalyzed diesel particulate filter(CDPF)on the main gaseous and particulate emissions from an urban diesel bus,as well as the durability performance of the CCRT system.Experiments were conducted based on a heavy chassis dynamometer,and a laboratory activity test as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)test were applied to evaluate the changes of the aged CCRT catalyst.Results showed that the CCRT could reduce the CO by 71.5%and the total hydrocarbons(THC)by 88.9%,and meanwhile promote the oxidation of NO.However,the conversion rates for CO and THC dropped to 25.1%and 55.1%,respectively,after the CCRT was used for one year(～60,000 km),and the NO oxidation was also weakened.For particulate emissions,the CCRT could reduce 97.4%of the particle mass(PM)and almost 100%of the particle number(PN).The aging of the CCRT resulted in a reduced PM trapping efficiency but had no observable effect on the PN;however,it increased the proportion of nucleation mode particles.The activity test results indicated that the deterioration of the CCRT was directly relevant to the increase in the light-off temperatures of the catalyst for CO,C_3H_8 and NO_2.In addition,the decreased concentrations of the active components Pt~(2+) and Pt~(4+) in the catalyst are also important factors in the CCRT deterioration.     

Phosphorus fractions and its release in the sediments of Haihe River, China

The amounts and forms of phosphorus (P) in surface sediments of Haihe River, Tianjin, North China, were examined using asequential chemical extraction procedure. Five fractions of sedimentary P, including loosely sorbed P (NH4Cl-P), redox-sensitive P(BD-P), metal oxide bound P (NaOH-P), calcium bound P (HCl-P), and residual P (Res-P) (organic and refractory P), were separatelyquantified. The results indicated that the contents of di erent P fractions in the sediments varied greatly. The total P (TP) contentsranged from 968 to 2017 mg/kg. Phosphorus contents in NH4Cl-P, BD-P, NaOH-P, and HCl-P ranged from 6.7 to 26.6 mg/kg, 54.5 to90.2 mg/kg, 185.2 to 382.5 mg/kg, and 252.3 to 425.5 mg/kg, respectively, which represented 1.2%–3.2%, 7.7%–13%, 33.3%–48.9%,and 36.2%–54.2% of the sedimentary inorganic P, respectively. For all the sediment samples, the rank order of P-fractions was Res-P> HCl-P > NaOH-P > BD-P > NH4Cl-P. The highly positive relationship between the amounts of P released from the sediments andthose in the NH4Cl-P and BD-P fractions, indicated that NH4Cl-P and BD-P were the main fractions that can release P easily.     

具有K2NiF4型结构的稀土复合氧化物对有机胺的催化降解作用研究

采用柠檬酸络合分解法合成了四方晶点、Ｋ２ＮｉＦ４型结构的稀土复合氧人ＬａＳｒＭＯ４（Ｍ＝Ｍｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ）。实验结果，该类氧化物催化剂对恶臭和有毒的有机胺类化合物具有较好的催化降解作用，有机胺的氧降解可达１００％，而氮氧化物的产生率低于１０％，其含量可大大低于排放标准。     

Photochemical alteration of the molecular weight of dissolved organic matter

Molecular weight (MW) is a key control on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of dissolved organic mater (DOM). This study investigated the effect of photooxidation on the average MW of DOM by exposing DOM of diverse origins to simulated solar radiation at varying levels of dissolved oxygen and under different incident light wavelength regimes. During irradiation, high-molecular-weight fractions were destroyed and low-molecular-weight constituents were formed. The average MW decreased with irradiation time in all treatments in a manner that can be described by a quasi-exponential function, which suggests that solar radiation is incapable of completely mineralizing DOM even after prolonged exposure. Increasing the oxygen concentration accelerated the MW reduction while the removal of oxygen strongly suppressed this process. The fractional contributions from UV-B, UV-A, and visible radiations to full-spectrum photoinduced MW reduction varied considerably among the DOM samples examined, ranging from 19% to 60%, 17% to 36%, and 15% to 46%, respectively. The MW changes in time-series irradiations were inversely correlated with the ratio of the absorbance at 250 nm to that at 365 nm (i.e., the E₂/E₃ quotient). Photoinduced MW reduction was accompanied by a decrease of polydispersity, which is indicative of a reduced DOM heterogeneity.