氧化锰共生矿烟气脱硫的机理及影响因素

利用南非的氧化锰共生矿进行烟气脱硫,研究了共生锰矿烟气脱硫性能及其机理,并考察了锰矿粒径、反应温度、液固比、进气流量、进口SO2浓度等因素对脱硫率的影响。结果表明,氧化锰共生矿中主要的锰化合物是MnO2、Mn2O3和MnCO3,烟气脱硫过程主要存在4种方式：MnO2与SO2发生氧化还原反应生成硫酸锰;液相中Mn2+催化氧化SO2产生硫酸;MnCO3与硫酸反应生成硫酸锰;Mn2O3与硫酸反应后生成的MnO2可以继续与SO2进行脱硫反应,但是Mn2O3与SO2直接反应的活性较差。氧化锰共生矿烟气脱硫的最佳工艺参数为：锰矿粒径200目、反应温度80 ℃、液固比10:1以及进气流量600 mL?min-1     

小球藻生长及其净化猪场废水条件的优化

为提高小球藻净化猪场废水的效果,在户外条件下系统比较了预处理方式、管道光反应器的种类和光径对蛋白核小球藻生长及其对猪场废水净化效果的影响。结果表明,猪场原废水COD、NH4+、PO43-、TN、TP含量分别为710、491、54、590和108 mg·L-1 时,蛋白核小球藻对经过3级过滤预处理后的猪场废水净化效果最好,其中脱色率及NH4+去除率分别高达88.56%和83.48%,显著高于对原废水的处理效果(P-1。采用直径为5 cm的立式光生物反应器培养蛋白核小球藻,通过循环采收,藻粉产量可达到0.93 g·L-1,其蛋白质含量最高达到58.9%,汞、砷、镉、铅含量分别小于0.1、1.0、0.5和4.0 mg·kg-1,符合《饲料用小球藻粉》(DB32/T 564-2010)标准。采收小球藻后的出水中,NH4+、PO43-、色度的去除率均高达90%以上,基本达到国家排放要求。该研究结果可为制定猪场废水的净化及蛋白核小球藻的工业化生产方案提供参考。     

不同级配垃圾焚烧底渣固化市政污泥工程特性分析

开展了（炉排炉和流化床炉）两种垃圾焚烧底渣与固化剂共同作用下固化市政污泥的工程特性研究。分析了两种底渣化学成份及物理级配上的差异,重点考察了在密封养护情况下,测定了不同底渣固化体的含水率、pH值、无侧限抗压强度及28d渗透系数等工程特性指标。研究结果表明：相同含量的两种底渣固化体含水率及pH相同,且含水率随底渣含量增加而降低,而pH值随底渣含量增加而增加;随着底渣含量增加,级配良好的炉排炉底渣固化体强度比级配不良的流化床底渣固化体强度从高8 kPa增加到30 kPa;受底渣级配的影响,炉排炉底渣固化体渗透系数随底渣含量增加而增大,而流化床底渣固化体渗透系数基本不变。级配良好的炉排炉底渣固化体工程特性优于级配不良的流化床底渣固化体,具有更强的骨架作用。研究成果为污泥及垃圾焚烧底渣填埋处置提供了科学借鉴。     

反胶束漆酶/纤维素酶体系中油酸酯化的优化

漆酶和纤维素酶在反胶束水核中心具有较强的催化活性。为了对反胶束酶体系中油酸酯化反应深入研究,采用生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂构建反胶束体系作为漆酶与纤维素酶酯化油酸的催化反应场所。通过实验研究了反胶束体系的不同条件对酯化产物含量的影响。对于反胶束漆酶体系,最佳酯化条件为：含水量W0 40%,鼠李糖脂临界胶束浓度20 mmol·L-1,pH值4,温度40 ℃;对于反胶束纤维素酶体系,最佳酯化条件为：含水量20%,鼠李糖脂临界胶束浓度80 mmol·L-1,pH值4,温度30 ℃。综合考虑几个因素,漆酶比纤维素酶更适合应用于反胶束中油酸的酯化。研究同时采用荧光光谱法对漆酶和纤维素酶在反胶束体系中结构性能的变化进行研究,结果表明,当反胶束体系处于最佳酯化反应条件时,荧光强度最高。     

土壤中多环芳烃菲的自然降解特性

自然降解是去除环境中有机污染物的一种重要手段。为了解土壤中多环芳烃的自然降解规律,选择陕北风沙滩地区风积砂为典型土壤,多环芳烃菲为典型污染质,探讨了菲在风积砂中的自然降解规律;建立了菲的降解动力学模型;进一步考察了污染浓度、温度、pH值、含氧量等环境因素对降解的影响。结果表明,风积砂中菲的自然降解符合准一级反应动力学,降解半衰期为17 d;菲的降解率与生物量呈正相关;污染浓度对菲的自然降解影响不显著;25~35℃、中性条件能够促进风积砂中菲的降解;好氧微生物是降解的关键,氧的存在对于土壤中菲的降解具有重要的作用。     

Potential applications of porous organic polymers as adsorbent for the adsorption of volatile organic compounds

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with high toxicity and carcinogenicity are emitted from kinds of industries, which endanger human health and the environment. Adsorption is a promising method for the treatment of VOCs due to its low cost and high efficiency. In recent years, activated carbons, zeolites, and mesoporous materials are widely used to remove VOCs because of their high specific surface area and abundant porosity. However, the hydrophilic nature and low desorption rate of those materials limit their commercial application. Furthermore, the adsorption capacities of VOCs still need to be improved. Porous organic polymers (POPs) with extremely high porosity, structural diversity, and hydrophobic have been considered as one of the most promising candidates for VOCs adsorption. This review generalized the superiority of POPs for VOCs adsorption compared to other porous materials and summarized the studies of VOCs adsorption on different types of POPs. Moreover, the mechanism of competitive adsorption between water and VOCs on the POPs was discussed. Finally, a concise outlook for utilizing POPs for VOCs adsorption was discussed, noting areas in which further work is needed to develop the next-generation POPs for practical applications.     

A metal-OH group modification strategy to prepare highly-hydrophobic MIL-53-Al for efficient acetone capture under humid conditions

A series of highly-hydrophobic MIL-53-Al (MIL = Materials of Institut Lavoisier) frameworks synthesized via decoration of the Al-OH groups by alkyl phosphonic acid were developed as adsorbents for removing acetone from humid gas streams. The newly prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), N₂ adsorption-desorption and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Their adsorption behaviors toward acetone vapor under dry and wet conditions were studied subsequently. Results showed that alkyl phosphonic acid was successfully grafted into MIL-53-Al skeleton through coordinating interaction with Al³⁺ generating [email protected]_x (x = 12, 14, 18). The [email protected]_x exhibited similar crystal structure and thermal stability to parent MIL-53-Al. Furthermore, the modified materials showed significantly enhanced hydrophobicity. The water vapor uptake of [email protected]₁₄ decreased by 72.55% at 75% relative humidity (RH). Dynamic adsorption experiments demonstrated that water vapor had almost no effect on the acetone adsorption performance of [email protected]₁₄. Under the condition of 90% RH, the acetone adsorption capacity of [email protected]₁₄ was 102.98% higher than that of MIL-53-Al. Notably, [email protected]₁₄ presented excellent adsorption reversibility and regeneration performance in 10 adsorption-desorption cycles. Taken together, the strategy of metal-OH group modification is an attractive way to improve the acetone adsorption performance over metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) under humid conditions. Besides, [email protected]₁₄ would be deemed as a promising candidate for capturing acetone in high moisture environment.     

Nitrogen evolution during the co-combustion of hydrothermally treated municipal solid waste and coal in a bubbling fluidized bed

Nitrogen evolution was studied during the co-combustion of hydrothermally treated municipal solid wastes (HT MSW) and coal in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB). HT MSW blending ratios as 10%, 20% and 30% (wt.%) were selected and tested at 700, 800, 900 °C. Emissions of NO and N₂O from blends were measured and compared with the results of mono-combustion trials. Moreover, concentrations of precursors like NH₃ and HCN were also quantified. The results are summarized as follows: NO emissions were predominant in all the cases, which rose with increasing temperature. The blending of HT MSW contributed to the NO reduction. N₂O emissions decreased with temperature rising and the blending of HT MSW also presented positive effects. At 30% HT MSW addition, both NO and N₂O emissions showed the lowest values (391.85 ppm and 55.33 ppm, respectively at 900 °C). For the precursors, more HCN was detected than NH₃ and both played important roles on the gas side nitrogen evolution.     

苯胺降解菌的分离和降解特性研究

通过驯化富集培养,从白洋淀底泥中分离筛选出数株能够有效降解苯胺的菌株,经过反复筛选,得到一株能够以苯胺为唯一碳源、高效降解苯胺的菌株BA-1-3.其利用苯胺的最适pH值为7.0,最适温度为30℃,在苯胺浓度为1000 mg/L,180 r/min条件下振荡培养60 h,降解率达到80%以上.经鉴定,菌株BA-1-3属苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrumsp.).     

ERT技术在无机酸污染场地调查中的应用

利用高密度电阻率法对硫酸废液污染的场地进行污染调查,由于硫酸废液侵入土壤,使其介质的溶质浓度发生了改变,导致SO₄2-与地表潜水作用,电传导性提高,被污染土壤含盐量增加,但是电阻率降低与未被硫酸废液侵入的土层形成了一定的电性差异. 通过二维和三维电阻率层析成像(ERT)技术,圈定硫酸废液侵入土壤中的分布范围、侵蚀深度以及扩散羽流等,并对ERT结果进行土工试验异常验证. 结果表明:硫酸废液污染土壤的视电阻率小于6.0 Ω·m,污染区域长度达25.0 m,深度约4.0 m;地表土污染长度为12.0 m,表面宽度约4.0 m,污染土壤的总体积约为222.0 m3.