PE微塑料对土壤水分入渗的影响及入渗模型适宜性评价

为探究微塑料对土壤水分入渗过程的影响,通过室内土柱模拟试验,设置5组微塑料添加处理(0,1,2,4,6g/kg),研究了不同微塑料含量对湿润锋运移和累积入渗量的影响,并进一步评价了主要入渗模型在微塑料污染土壤中的适用性.结果表明,湿润锋运移速率随着微塑料含量的增加呈现出先减小后增加的特征,当含量达到T2时(微塑料含量2...     

嗜水气单胞菌强化老化纳米零价铁去除水中Cr(VI)

基于老化对纳米零价铁（NZVI）去除水中Cr（VI）的不利影响,本研究考察了接种嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）强化老化NZVI对水中Cr（VI）的去除,并分析了溶解氧、温度、pH、Cr（VI）初始浓度对其去除Cr（VI）的影响,同时利用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等分析了反应前后材料的形貌特征及Cr的价态变化.结果表明,接种嗜水气单胞菌能显著提高无氧条件下老化NZVI对Cr（VI）的去除效果,且在酸性条件和30~40 ℃条件下去除效果较好,可能是因为该条件下更有利于老化NZVI的腐蚀和微生物的生长,此外,Cr（VI）去除效率随Cr（VI）初始浓度升高而降低.在pH=6,温度为30 ℃,老化nZVI投加量为0.1 g·L^-1,Cr（VI）初始浓度为50 mg·L^-1的条件下反应24 h后,Cr（VI）的去除率可达到100%.XPS分析表明,反应后NZVI表面沉积的Cr主要以Cr（III）的形式存在,可能为Cr（OH）₃沉淀或Fe_xCr_1-x（OH）₃共沉淀物.动力学研究发现,Cr（VI）去除过程符合准二级动力学,去除机制为Cr（VI）的吸附、还原与共沉淀,其中以还原作用为主.     

汞对小麦幼苗生长发育和生理功能的影响

本文比较系统地研究了汞对小麦幼苗生长发育和生理功能的影响。汞处理的小麦发芽率、幼苗生长发育受到抑制,蒸腾强度、叶绿素含量降低。不同处理的小麦幼苗呼吸强度也发生了明显地变化,其影响程度与苗龄有关,汞处理还有诱导小麦幼苗过氧化物酶同工酶产生新谱带的作用,使小麦幼苗过氧化物酶同工酶带增加了两条,酶的活性也有所变化。这些特性都是小麦幼苗对汞伤害的生理反应。     

采油废水的深度处理回用

采用溶气气浮—生物接触氧化—膜分离组合工艺深度处理采油废水。实验结果表明,出水水质满足热采锅炉进水要求。该法可年处理废水1.3×105m3,产水率按50%计,年节约新鲜水和废水回灌费用共计77.88万元,年节水效益为21.71万元。     

GIS罐体内部异物清理机器人的研发与应用

针对气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备( gas insulated switchgear, GIS)内部异物颗粒引起设备内部电场畸变,从而造成设备闪络故障问题,通过对异物颗粒的产生原因及影响因素进行分析,研制了一种GIS罐体内部异物颗粒清理机器人,实现了GIS设备内部可视化异物清理功能。应用结果表明:机器人检测不仅提高了750kV GIS内部缺陷检查的效率,而且保证了检测人员的安全,为GIS状态检修提供了有效技术支持。     

中国道路交通部门减排技术及成本研究

道路交通作为交通部门碳排放的重要来源,将在实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的过程中承担重任.碳减排技术成本的研究有利于平衡道路交通机动化发展和碳达峰、碳中和目标的实现,是实现道路交通可持续发展的重要措施.为此,基于乘用车、商用客车、轻型商用货车和重型商用货车等车型,结合发动机技术、变速器技术、辅助系统技术和整车技术和新能...     

湿法净化黑烟中添加剂对炭黑沉降性能的影响

湿法净化黑烟中炭黑颗粒物的关键在于降低吸收液的表面张力并以高性能絮凝剂使其从溶液中絮凝、沉降以利于分离。选用十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)为主要表面活性剂,使之与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和月桂醇聚氧乙烯(9)醚(AEO-9)进行复配实验,研究了复配液的表面张力,再向最低表面张力的复配表面活性剂溶液中投加絮凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM),探讨絮凝剂的添加对黑烟颗粒沉降和絮凝的影响.实验结果表明:同时添加表面活性剂CTAB,SDBS和PAC,并使之浓度分别为0.5 mmol/L,0.4 mmol/L和200 mg/L时,炭黑颗粒的沉降效果最好,沉降率高达94%,且絮凝体较大,沉降时间仅为2 min。     

Concurrent catalytic removal of typical volatile organic compound mixtures over Au-Pd/α-MnO2 nanotubes

α-MnO_2 nanotubes and their supported Au-Pd alloy nanocatalysts were prepared using hydrothermal and polyvinyl alcohol-protected reduction methods, respectively. Their catalytic activity for the oxidation of toluene/m-xylene, acetone/ethyl acetate, acetone/m-xylene and ethyl acetate/m-xylene mixtures was evaluated. It was found that the interaction between Au-Pd alloy nanoparticles and α-MnO_2 nanotubes significantly improved the reactivity of lattice oxygen, and the 0.91 wt.% Au0.48 Pd/α-MnO_2 nanotube catalyst outperformed the α-MnO_2 nanotube catalyst in the oxidation of toluene, m-xylene, ethyl acetate and acetone. Over the0.91 wt.% Au0.48 Pd/α-MnO_2 nanotube catalyst,(i) toluene oxidation was greatly inhibited in the toluene/m-xylene mixture, while m-xylene oxidation was not influenced;(ii) acetone and ethyl acetate oxidation suffered a minor impact in the acetone/ethyl acetate mixture; and(iii) m-xylene oxidation was enhanced whereas the oxidation of the oxygenated VOCs(volatile organic compounds) was suppressed in the acetone/m-xylene or ethyl acetate/m-xylene mixtures. The competitive adsorption of these typical VOCs on the catalyst surface induced an inhibitive effect on their oxidation, and increasing the temperature favored the oxidation of the VOCs. The mixed VOCs could be completely oxidized into CO_2 and H_2 O below 320°C at a space velocity of 40,000 m L/(g·hr). The 0.91 wt.% Au0.48 Pd/α-MnO_2 nanotube catalyst exhibited high catalytic stability as well as good tolerance to water vapor and CO_2 in the oxidation of the VOC mixtures. Thus, the α-MnO_2 nanotube-supported noble metal alloy catalysts hold promise for the efficient elimination of VOC mixtures.     

几种海洋微藻对水中三丁基锡化合物的迁移和转化作用

实验表明，在半抑制效应浓度下纤弱角毛藻，扁藻，三角褐指藻对三丁基锡均有瞬时强吸附作用，其后，微藻对三丁基锡的吸收可单室生物积累模型描述，根据模型曲线拟合求出其总吸收饱和浓度和生物排出速常数，微藻对三丁基锡的生物富集因子高达１０＾４－１０＾５，主要取决于高比表面，高分配比和高摄取速率，７２ｈ纤弱角毛藻对三丁基锡的生物降解率在５％左右。     

Carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection byproduct precursor variation during the reversed anaerobic–anoxic–oxic process of a sewage treatment plant

Disinfection byproduct(DBP)precursors in wastewater during the reversed anaerobic–anoxic–oxic(A~2/O)process,as well as their molecular weight(MW)and polarity-based fractions,were characterized with UV scanning,fluorescence excitation emission matrix,Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Their DBP formation potentials(DBPFPs)after chlorination were further tested.Results indicated that the reversed A~2/O process could not only effectively remove the dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and dissolved total nitrogen in the wastewater,but also affect the MW distribution and hydrophilic–hydrophobic properties of dissolved organic matter(DOM).The accumulation of low MW and hydrophobic(HPO)DOM was possibly due to the formation of soluble microbial product-like(SMP-like)matters in the reversed A~2/O treatment,especially in the anoxic and aerobic processes.Moreover,DOM in the wastewater displayed a high carbonaceous disinfection byproduct formation potential(C-DBPFP)in the fractions of MW100 k Da and MW5 k Da,and revealed an increasing tendency of nitrogenous disinfection byproduct formation potential(N-DBPFP)with decrease of MW.For polarity-based fractions,the HPO fraction of wastewater showed significantly higher C-DBPFP and N-DBPFP than hydrophilic and transphilic fractions.Therefore,although the reversed A~2/O process could remove most DBP precursors by DOC reduction,it led to the enhancement of DBPFP with the formation and accumulation of low MW and HPO DOM.In addition,strong correlations between C-DBPFPs and SUVA,and between N-DBPFPs and DON/DOC,were observed in the wastewater,which might be helpful for DBPFP prediction in wastewater and reclaimed water chlorination.