多光谱数据定量反演土壤营养元素含量可行性分析

运用室内光谱模拟多光谱数据,采用回归分析方法建立土壤营养元素含量预测模型,并进行验证.首先,根据光谱响应函数将实验室光谱数据重采样至多光谱传感器（TM和 ASTER）波段;然后,分别利用多元逐步回归（SMLR）和偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）方法,建立建模土壤样本实测光谱以及模拟光谱（TM和ASTER）与土壤营养元素含量间的经验模型;最后,利用检验土壤样本进行模型精度验证.与实测光谱模型相比,模拟光谱模型对土壤营养元素含量的预测精度受光谱分辨率的影响并不大.模拟光谱模型对N、P、K元素含量预测精度最高分别为0.89、0.79和 0.67.土壤N、P、K元素含量SMLR模型的入选波段分别位于2 000～2 300　nm、1 650～1 800　nm和600～800　nm波长附近范围内; 土壤N、P、K元素含量PLSR模型的系数表明,近红外（NIR）波段对总氮和总磷元素含量比可见光（VIS）波段敏感,而VIS对K元素含量预测的贡献更大.利用多光谱数据进行土壤营养元素含量的估测具有理论上的可行性;由于不同元素对不同光谱波段的响应不同,在选择多光谱遥感数据时要充分考虑传感器的波段特征.     

原生质体紫外诱变提高简青霉的木质素降解性能

以简青霉Penicillium simplicissimum (Oudem.) Thom BGA为出发菌株,对其进行原生质体紫外诱变.经过筛选获得2株诱变菌株(J12与J18),它们的木质素降解酶酶活要明显高于出发菌株J.其中诱变菌株J12产生的漆酶和锰过氧化物酶酶活较高,相对于出发菌株J分别提高了145%和47%,达到44.0,50.9 U/g.诱变菌株J18产生的木质素过氧化物酶酶活较高,达到67.1 U/g,相对于出发菌株J提高了40%.且木质素降解率也最高,相对于出发菌株J分别提高了198.1%.经过7次传代, J12和J18的木质素降解酶活性保持稳定,没有降低.     

夏季太湖蓝藻水华暴发与臭氧污染的关联性

夏季受东南季风、湖流等因素影响,太湖蓝藻向西北部水域集聚,该区域平均藻密度可高达1×109个/L以上,其中蓝藻集中堆积的近湖岸区域藻类密度更高,蓝藻在不同生命阶段释放的藻源性VOCs的成分谱和产生量有较大差异,其中烯烃和有机胺反应活性较强。蓝藻水华高发期太湖西岸非甲烷总烃的浓度约为常州市区的3.3倍,日变化趋势符合蓝藻代谢规律。太湖西部蓝藻水华、湖西区的非甲烷总烃浓度和臭氧污染程度时空变化规律表明:太湖西部(宜兴)是整个流域臭氧污染最严重的区域,其臭氧污染的形成与太湖蓝藻水华暴发有关联性。     

The effects of autophagy in rat tracheal epithelial cells induced by silver nanoparticles

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The massive use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is potentially harmful to exposed humans. Although previous studies have found that AgNPs can induce...     

Exploring the spatial-temporal variations and policy-based driving force behind groundwater contamination and remediation research in past decades

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Groundwater has been recognized as one of the most critical and vulnerable natural sources which is utilized in potable water supply, agricultural...     

Combined toxic impacts of thiamethoxam and four pesticides on the rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus)

To examine pesticide mixture toxicity to aqueous organisms, we assessed the single and combined toxicities of thiamethoxam and other four pesticides (chlorpyrifos, beta-cypermethrin, tetraconazole, and azoxystrobin) to the rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). Data from 96-h semi-static toxicity assays of various developmental phases (embryonic, larval, juvenile, and adult phases) showed that beta-cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, and azoxystrobin had the highest toxicities to G. rarus, and their LC₅₀ values ranged from 0.0031 to 0.86 mg a.i. L^?1, from 0.016 to 6.38 mg a.i. L^?1, and from 0.39 to 1.08 mg a.i. L^?1, respectively. Tetraconazole displayed a comparatively high toxicity, and its LC₅₀ values ranged from 3.48 to 16.73 mg a.i. L^?1. By contrast, thiamethoxam exhibited the lowest toxic effect with LC₅₀ values ranging from 37.85 to 351.9 mg a.i. L^?1. Rare minnow larvae were more sensitive than embryos to all the pesticides tested. Our data showed that a pesticide mixture of thiamethoxam–tetraconazole elicited synergetic toxicity to G. rarus. Moreover, pesticide mixtures containing beta-cypermethrin in combination with chlorpyrifos or tetraconazole also had synergetic toxicities to fish. The majority of pesticides are presumed to have additive toxicity, while our data emphasized that the concurrent existence of some chemicals in the aqueous circumstance could cause synergetic toxic effect, leading to severe loss to the aqueous environments in comparison with their single toxicities. Thence, the synergetic impacts of chemical mixtures should be considered when assessing the ecological risk of chemicals.

     

Biodegradable microplastics (BMPs): a new cause for concern?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the increasingly serious pollution of plastics, biodegradable plastics (BDPs) have attracted attention as a new material that can replace...     

Habitat changes in the most important stopover sites for the endangered red-crowned crane in China: a large-scale study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) is an endangered bird species that has been listed as one of the Class I National Key Protected Wild Animals...     

Insight into selected emerging micropollutant interactions with wastewater colloidal organic carbon: implications for water treatment and analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study reports how adding a membrane filter (0.45-μm cellulose nitrate filter) between a glass fibre filter and the solid phase extraction...     

储运罐区气相连通设施HAZOP分析应用研究

介绍了石油化工企业储运罐区气相连通设施概况和存在的风险。以芳烃罐区气相连通为研究对象,应用HAZOP分析软件对装置进行安全评价,对潜在风险进行定性和半定量分析,并提出相应的风险控制方案。