地下水除草剂阿特拉津污染微生物治理的实验研究

采用了从农药厂阿特拉津生产车间排污口污泥中分离出的菌种AT菌,进行了农药阿特拉津的静态降解实验及其污染地下水的微生物治理模拟实验研究结果表明,AT菌在pH值为5.0～10.0时对农药污染质阿特拉津均具有降解能力,且适宜的pH值范围为6.5～8.0;在实验条件(t=10℃,pH=7.5)与野外含水层的条件基本一致情况下,难于生物降解的污染质阿特拉津的一次投菌降解率达到31.08%;同时环境因素也随着AT菌作用的变化而变化,其中,DO、pH随AT菌作用加强而其值减小.另外,设计了细菌的投放方式以模拟野外条件下的菌种投加条件.并且AT菌的作用会造成被治理含水层的渗透性能降低,实验后含水层的渗透系数下降60.54%.清水冲洗10d的渗透性恢复率为48.96%,说明清水渗透恢复的方法效果明显.     

盐酸脱附Pb(Ⅱ)负载氨基膦酸树脂的基本性能

氨基膦酸树脂是一种常用的广谱性重金属螯合树脂,对水中的Pb(Ⅱ)具有很好的选择性分离去除能力,但吸附Pb(Ⅱ)后的树脂再生较为困难。系统研究了盐酸脱附Pb(Ⅱ)-负载氨基膦酸树脂D860的基本性能,优化了基本脱附参数。实验表明,采用盐酸作为脱附剂具有较为良好的脱附效果,10%吸附量树脂脱附反应平衡较快仅需10 min,脱附本身受Pb(Ⅱ)在盐酸溶液中的溶解度影响显著。脱附流速从1 BV/h升高到5 BV/h,脱附效果受到的影响很小。升高温度可以提高PbCl2溶解度,进而提高脱附效率。固定床脱附采用1.0 mol/L盐酸,在1 BV/h和303 K条件下,仅需7 BV脱附剂即可实现较高的脱附效率。     

Sulfur-containing amino acid methionine as the precursor of volatile organic sulfur compounds in algea-induced black bloom

After the application of methionine, a progressive and significant increase occurred in five volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs): methanethiol (MeSH), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) and dimethyl tetrasulfide (DMTeS). Even in the untreated control without a methionine addition, methionine and its catabolites (VOSCs, mainly DMDS) were found in considerable amounts that were high enough to account for the water’s offensive odor. However, blackening only occurred in two methionine-amended treatments. The VOSCs production was observed to precede black color development, and the reaching of a peak value for total VOSCs was often followed by water blackening. The presence of glucose stimulated the degradation of methionine while postponing the occurrence of the black color and inhibiting the production of VOSCs. In addition, DMDS was found to be the most abundant species produced after the addition of methionine alone, and DMTeS appeared to be the most important compound produced after the addition of methionine+glucose. These results suggest that methionine acted as an important precursor of the VOSCs in lakes suffering from algea-induced black bloom. The existence of glucose may change the transformation pathway of methionine into VOSCs to form larger molecular weight compounds, such as DMTS and DMTeS.     

金盆水库沉积物磷的来源及分布特征

为探究分层型水源水库沉积物中磷的来源与分布特征,以西安金盆水库为对象,针对2017年3～11月金盆水库水体、沉降颗粒及沉积物柱状样品总磷(TP)含量及形态分布特征进行研究.结果表明,金盆水库主库区表层沉积物总磷含量及形态分布受水体颗粒磷(PP)沉降作用明显,相关系数r~2=0. 877 5;同时表层沉积物总磷含量还受到沉积物内部生物地球化学的共同作用. 6～8月金盆水库水体藻类剧烈繁殖演替,繁殖过程中大量失去活性、死亡的藻类不断向底部水体沉积,形成以藻类等颗粒磷为主导的内源污染,沉降颗粒总磷含量达(753. 51±17. 11) mg·kg~(-1),表层沉积物总磷含量随之增加,以铁铝结合态非活性磷(NaOH-nrP)为主; 9～11月进入汛期,径流水体携带大量泥沙等负荷较大的污染物汇入水库,使得水体颗粒磷浓度相应增大,然而由于单位质量泥沙中总磷含量占比较小,导致径流过程中表层沉积物总磷含量逐渐降低,泥沙径流过程中颗粒磷以无机态的钙磷(Ca-P)和残渣态磷(rest-P)为主,二者约占沉积物总磷(TP) 55. 8%～66. 2%,受颗粒沉降影响相对较大.活性磷(SRP)、铁锰螯合态磷(BD-P)和铁铝结合态活性磷(NaOH-srP)这3种形态磷较活跃,在环境条件的变化(主要是氧化还原条件)下发生一系列迁移转化,受沉积物内部生物地球生物化学过程作用明显.     

系统结构特征在事故致因中的应用研究

从二维空间的角度出发，提出了系统的结构特征；联系紧密和联系松散；复杂式相互作用和直线式相互作用的概念及其特点，并探讨了系统结构特征在系统事故致因中的应用分析。     

故障树可视化分析系统

论述了自行研制设计的可视化故障树分析系统的功能及程序结构与设计原理。该系统由故障树生成、故障树分析计算、文件输出和系统管理 4个模块组成 ,可使故障树生成与分析变得非常直观而简便 ,只需用鼠标在屏幕上绘制出故障树图 ,系统就能自动识别并进行定性与定量分析。     

Development of Micropore Mufflers

Research on micropore mufflers was started in the middle of the 1970s. In this article we have summarized and systematized what has been done in the past 20 years. Some expressions, derivations, and calculation curves have been formally modified to make them easier to understand and apply. Some new considerations have been added. The main purpose of this article is to introduce the fundamentals, theories, and calculations that are useful for the design of a micropore muffler. Therefore, we have not included any experiments. Direct and indirect experimental proofs can be found in the given relevant references. Micropore mufflers are grouped into two classes, simple micropore mufflers and expansion micropore mufflers. The latter have additional noise reduction due to flow expansion. Noise reduction and flow are two important aspects that have been discussed in detail.     

2种防护涂层体系在湿热海洋环境下防护性能的劣化规律研究

目的 研究2种防护涂层体系在湿热海洋环境下自然暴露3 a的防护性能劣化规律。方法 确定试验件为钢–铝（钢）螺接连接件,试验地点为海南万宁,并按周期测得不同暴露时间下涂层A和涂层B的外观形貌、色差、光泽度、表面傅里叶红外光谱、电化学阻抗的相关数据。通过对比分析测试结果,判断2种涂层在不同暴露时间下的劣化程度,并最终得到其劣化规律。结果 涂层A自然暴露1 a老化严重,紧固件区域涂层剥落,平板区域失光率约为75%,阻抗模量降低5个数量级,色差ΔE~*为5（轻微变色）,涂层有机基团老化降解严重。涂层B自然暴露2 a,老化较严重,紧固件区域涂层剥落、生锈,平板失光率约为20%,阻抗模量降低2个数量级,色差ΔE~*为11（严重变色）,涂层有机基团轻微老化降解。结论 对于螺钉连接结构,连接区域不仅更容易被腐蚀,而且增加了附近平板区域的不一致性。涂层体系B的保护能力优于涂层体系A,涂层体系B的有效保护时间约为2 a,而涂层体系A则不到1 a。     

宝钢特种设备计算机管理系统的研究与应用

简述了宝钢特种设备安全管理理念,提出了宝钢特种设备计算机管理系统的总体思路,并对该系统的应用作了一定描述。     

布袋收尘穿漏监测及定位技术现状与展望

综述了国内外布袋收尘穿漏监测及漏袋定位主要技术现状,预测了该技术领域的发展趋势。