Ce掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂的制备及降解甲醛的研究

介绍了溶胶-凝胶法制备Ce离子掺杂纳米TiO2的工艺流程.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见分光光度法(UV-Vis)等方法表征了Ce掺杂TiO2的相组成、紫外可见漫反射率与掺杂量的关系.结果表明,掺杂的TiO2在520℃、650℃焙烧2 h呈锐钛矿结构,在520℃焙烧2 h的TiO2的晶粒尺寸大约为20 nm,而掺杂Ce后其晶粒尺寸均减小,大约为12nm.UV-Vis吸光度分析表明,掺Ce后吸收带边明显发生红移,但随着Ce掺杂浓度的增大,其对可见光的吸收影响不大.光催化降解反应表明,未掺杂Ce的TiO2反应2 h后对甲醛的没有降解作用,而Ce掺杂TiO2反应2 h后甲醛降解率达15%.     

膨润土对Pb2+、Cu2+、Cr3+的吸附动力学及等温线研究

研究所用膨润土的主要成分为SiO2和Al2O3,属于Ca基膨润土,BET表面积为50.83 m2/g.在恒温及恒定pH条件下,用静态吸附法研究了膨润土对Pb2 、Cu2 、Cr3 的吸附特性,结果表明其较好地符合Lagergten二级吸附速率方程,对这3种离子的吸附速率为Pb2 ＞Cu2 ＞Cr3 .利用3种等温线方程对吸附过程进行拟合,发现利用Langmuir吸附等温方程计算的值与膨润土吸附Pb2 、Cu2 、Cr3 试验数据最为吻合.膨润土对3种金属离子的平衡吸附量为Cr3 ＞Cu2 ＞Pb2 .     

可张孔曝气器曝气能耗试验研究

通过试验研究,总结出可张孔曝气阻力损失的影响因素,以优化产品的结构设计参数,降低产品在工程应用中的能耗,获取更好的经济效益。     

Recolonization and succession of marine macrobenthos in organic-enriched sediment deposited from fish farms

High organic loading deposited on the sea bottom by marine fish farming activities often eliminates benthic organisms in the vicinity. In this study, organic-enriched sediment collected underneath a fish farm was defaunated, placed in settling trays and exposed to the subtidal area of a clean site of similar hydrography. Trays were sampled monthly for a consecutive period of 5 months, and recolonization and successional patterns of macrobenthos were studied using univariate and multivariate statistics. Recolonization occurred rapidly, and averages of 144 animals/tray and 26 species/tray were recorded within the first month. Molluscs accounted for 49% of species and polychaetes for 77% of abundance during the first month of recolonization. Temporal changes in abundance, diversity and species composition found in subsequent months resembled spatial changes of benthic community along a decreasing pollution gradient generalised by Pearson and Rosenberg (1978, Oceanography & Marine Biology Annual Review 16, 229-311). Abundance reached a peak after 3 months (434 animals/tray) and then declined. Species number also increased, peaked after 4 months (47 species/tray), and was followed by a decrease. The polychaete Prionospio malmgreni succeeded Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata as the dominant species after the first month, reached a peak (194 animals/tray) after 3 months, then declined sharply. The rapid recolonization and succession of the macrobenthic community on organic-enriched sediment suggested that present fish farming methods are unlikely to have a long-term impact on benthic communities once farming activities are reduced/ceased.     

Biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in the presence of primary substrate by immobilized pure culture bacteria

In this study, pure strains that are capable of utilizing 2,4,6-trichlorophenol have been isolated from the mixed culture grown on substrates containing chlorophenolic compounds. Studies have been carried out on the capability of these isolated pure strains in suspended and immobilized forms to decompose 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Additionally, the influence of primary substrates (e.g., phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 3-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol) on the decomposition of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by the isolated pure strains grown in immobilized form is also investigated. The results are: Through bacterial isolation and identification, three pure strains have been obtained: Pseudomonas spp. strain 01, Pseudomonas spp. strain 02 and Agrobacterium spp. Whether in suspended or immobilized forms, all strains have poor removal efficiencies of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. However, addition of 200 mg/l phenol will enable the immobilized Pseudomonas spp. strain 01, and Pseudomonas spp. strain 02 to achieve 65% and 48% removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, respectively. Addition of phenol will assist the immobilized Pseudomonas spp. strain 02 in achieving removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol but the removal efficiency is not good if the phenol concentration is too low. The optimum phenol concentration should be between 200 and 400 mg/l.     

接种厌氧消化污泥EGSB反应器的快速启动

对接种市政消化污泥的EGSB反应器的启动进行实验研究以寻求快速启动EGSB反应器的有效方法。接种厌氧消化污泥EGSB反应器的成功启动仅需要46d。在整个启动期保持适当的液体上升流速是非常重要的。启动初期，高液体上升流速能够将悬浮污泥冲出反应器，使适合聚集的微生物留在反应器内。接下来需要降低进水流量和液体上升流速以利于构建稳定的微生态系统，使高活性颗粒污泥尽快形成。然后适当提高液体上升流速能保持污水与微生物的良好接触，促进颗粒污泥内外高效传质，形成更加稳定高效的微生物群落结构。为尽快形成高活性颗粒污泥，保证产甲烷菌的最佳营养需求是关键，可通过考虑进水基质、微量营养元素和硫化物来提高其活性。     

Effect of surfactants at low concentrations on the sorption of atrazine by natural sediment.

A series of experiments were carried out to determine the effect of surfactants at low concentrations on the sorption of atrazine by natural sediments. With surfactant concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 mg/ L, anionic and cationic surfactants appreciably reduce the adsorption of atrazine, while nonionic surfactant decreases the adsorption of atrazine at concentrations equal to or less than 1 mg/L and increases adsorption at higher concentrations. Desorption of atrazine in the presence of different sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) concentrations shows that a portion of the bound pesticide resists desorption in the SDBS free system. However, the addition of SDBS accelerates the desorption of atrazine. Furthermore, the nature of sediment and the contacting sequence of SDBS, at 10 mg/L, with the sediment, also influence the adsorption of atrazine. The conclusions in this study could be explained partially by the effect of the type and concentration of surfactants and the characteristics of sediments.     

微波促进含Cr(VI)-H2O2体系降解甲基橙溶液的研究

研究了微波辐射下Cr(VI)－H₂O₂催化降解甲基橙溶液的行为，探索了微波功率、微波辐射时间、pH值、H₂O₂浓度、Cr(VI)等对甲基橙溶液脱色率和COD去除率的影响。研究结果表明，Cr(VI)-H₂O₂能形成类Fenton体系；微波辐射可提高H₂O₂产生羟基自由基(·OH)的效率。1000 mg/L的甲基橙溶液，在Cr(VI)浓度为10.0 mmol/L、pH值为2.5、H₂O₂浓度为20.0 mmol/L、微波功率为700W下加热2 min，甲基橙溶液的脱色率为99.2%，COD去除率为82.8%。     

中国电子废物循环利用空间优化

基于2014年和2015年环保部发布的省级回收数据,分析了现有传统回收体系下,各省的电子废物回收率变化,发现省级尺度电子废物的回收率呈现较大波动,这与电子废物的跨省流动有密切关系.为此,本文基于现有回收渠道的省际流动网络格局,采用网络分析中的层次聚类方法,揭示全国电子废物流动的区域化特征.结果显示根据区域化特征重新划分市场区,可以使主要市场区的整体回收率波动明显降低,从而为制定合理的回收目标提供参考.针对这一研究结果,提出基于市场区域化特征,建立全国一体化的回收利用市场和差异化的区域性回收目标,有助于充分利用市场机制优化中国电子废物循环利用的空间格局.最后,讨论了生产者主导和处理企业主导两种治理机制对空间优化的潜在影响.