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51.
Qiuyi Ji Huan He Zhanqi Gao Xiaohan Wang Shaogui Yang Cheng Sun Shiyin Li Yong Wang Limin Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(12):55-61
Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) with the initial concentration of 5 mg/L was degraded by UV/H2O2 oxidation process. The removal rate of TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system was 89.1% with the production of Cl? and PO43? of 0.23 and 0.64 mg/L. The removal rate of total organic carbon of the reaction was 48.8% and the pH reached 3.3 after the reaction. The oxidative degradation process of TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system obeyed the first order kinetic reaction with the apparent rate constant of 0.0025 min?1 (R2=0.9788). The intermediate products were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The addition reaction of HO? and H2O and the oxidation reaction with H2O2 were found during the degradation pathway of 5 mg/L TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system. For the first time, environment risk was estimated via the “ecological structure activity relationships” program and acute and chronic toxicity changes of intermediate products were pointed out. The luminescence inhibition rate of photobacterium was used to evaluate the acute toxicity of intermediate products. The results showed that the toxicity of the intermediate products increased with the increase of reaction time, which may be due to the production of chlorine compounds. Some measures should be introduced to the UV/H2O2 system to remove the highly toxic Cl-containing compounds, such as a nanofiltration or reverse osmosis unit. 相似文献
52.
From 2000 to 2010 China experienced rapid economic development and urbanization. Many cities in economically developed areas have developed from a single-center status to polycentricity. In this study, we used exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) to identify the population centers, which identified 232 cities in China as having urban centers. COMP was used to represent urban agglomeration, and POLYD (representing how far is the city's sub-centers to the main center), POLYC (representing the number of a city's centers), and POLYP (representing the population distributed between the main center and the sub-centers) were used to indicate urban polycentricity. Night light data were used to determine the CO2 emissions from various cities in China. A mixed model was used to study the impact of urban aggregation and polycentric data on the CO2 emission efficiency in 2000 and 2010. The study found that cities with higher compactness were distributed in coastal areas, and the cities with higher multicentricity were distributed in the Yangtze River Delta and Shandong Province. The more compact the city was, the less conducive it was to improving CO2 emission efficiency. Polycentric development of the city was conducive to improving the CO2 emission efficiency, but the number of urban centers had no significant relationship with the CO2 emission efficiency. Our research showed that the compactness and multicentricity of the city had an impact on the CO2 emission efficiency and provided some planning suggestions for the low carbon development of the city. 相似文献
53.
Da Zhang Jingfeng Gao Lifang Zhang Wenzhi Zhang Jingxin Ji Huihui Dai Zhiqi Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(6):211-223
Triclosan(TCS) is commonly found in wastewater treatment plants,which often affects biological treatment processes.The responses of nitrification,antibiotic resistome and microbial community under different TCS concentrations in activated sludge system were evaluated in this study.The experiment was conducted in a sequencing batch reactor(SBR)for 240 days.Quantitative PCR results demonstrated that the abundance of ammonium oxidizing bacteria could be temporarily inhibited by 1 mg/L TCS and then gradually recovered.And the abundances of nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB) under 2.5 and 4 mg/L TCS were three orders of magnitude lower than that of seed sludge,which accounted for partial nitrification.When the addition of TCS was stopped,the abundance of NOB increased.The mass balance experiments of TCS demonstrated that the primary removal pathway of TCS changed from adsorption to biodegradation as TCS was continuously added into the SBR system.Moreover,TCS increased the abundance of mexB,indicating the efflux pump might be the main TCS-resistance mechanism.As a response to TCS,bacteria could secrete more protein(PN) than polysaccharide.Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix revealed that tryptophan PN-like substances might be the main component in PN to resist TCS.High-throughput sequencing found that the relative abundances of Paracoccus,Pseudoxanthomonas and Thauera increased,which could secrete extracellular polymeric substances(EPS).And Sphingopyxis might be the main TCS-degrading bacteria.Overall,TCS could cause partial nitrification and increase the relative abundances of EPS-secreting bacteria and TCS-degrading bacteria. 相似文献
54.
Ozone pollution characteristics and sensitivity analysis using an observation-based model in Nanjing, Yangtze River Delta Region of China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ming Wang Wentai Chen Lin Zhang Wei Qin Yong Zhang Xiangzhi Zhang Xin Xie 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(7):13-22
Ground-level ozone (O3) has become a critical pollutant impeding air quality improvement in Yangtze River Delta region of China. In this study, we present O3 pollution characteristics based on one-year online measurements during 2016 at an urban site in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. Then, the sensitivity of O3 to its precursors during 2 O3 pollution episodes in August was analyzed using a box model based on observation (OBM). The relative incremental reactivity (RIR) of hydrocarbons was larger than other precursors, suggesting that hydrocarbons played the dominant role in O3 formation. The RIR values for NOX ranged from –0.41%/% to 0.19%/%. The O3 sensitivity was also analyzed based on relationship of simulated O3 production rates with reductions of VOC and NOX derived from scenario analyses. Simulation results illustrate that O3 formation was between VOCs-limited and transition regime. Xylenes and light alkenes were found to be key species in O3 formation according to RIR values, and their sources were determined using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. Paints and solvent use was the largest contributor to xylenes (54%), while petrochemical industry was the most important source to propene (82%). Discussions on VOCs and NOX reduction schemes suggest that the 5% O3 control goal can be achieved by reducing VOCs by 20%. To obtain 10% O3 control goal, VOCs need to be reduced by 30% with VOCs/NOX larger than 3:1. 相似文献
55.
Hao Yu Xueyan Zhao Jing Wang Baohui Yin Chunmei Geng Xinhua Wang Chao Gu Lihua Huang Wen Yang Zhipeng Bai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(9):217-224
In order to understand the compositions characteristics of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) fraction in road dust (RD2.5) of oasis cities on the edge of Tarim Basin, 30 road dust (RD) samples were collected in Kashi, Cele, and Yutian in the spring, 2018, and RD2.5 was collected using the resuspension approach. Eight water-soluble ions, 39 trace elements and 8 fractions of carbon-containing species in PM2.5 were analyzed. Ca2+ and Ca were the most abundant ions and elements in RD2.5 (7.1% and 9.5%). Cl- in RD2.5 was affected not only by attributed to saline-alkali soils in oasis cities of the Tarim Basin and dust from Taklimakan Desert but also by human activities. Moreover, the organic carbon/elemental carbon (OC/EC) ratio indicated that carbon components in RD2.5 in Cele town mainly come from fossil fuel combustion, while those in Yutian and Kashi mainly come from biomass combustion. It is noteworthy that high Ca in RD2.5 was seriously affected by anthropogenic emissions, and high Na and K contents in RD2.5 could be derived from soil and desert dust. It was estimated that Cd, Tl, Sn and Cr were emitted from anthropogenic emissions using the enrichment factor. The coefficients of divergence (COD) result indicated that the influence of local emission on road dust emission is greater than that of long-distance transmission. This study is the first time to comprehensively analyze the chemical characteristics of road dust in oasis cities, and the results provides the sources of road dust at the margin of Tarim Basin. 相似文献
56.
In order to reduce the pollutant emission and alleviate the pressure of petroleum resources shortage and greenhouse gas emission at the same time, the use of clean and renewable alternative fuel for marine engines is a promising option. In this study, a marine diesel engine, which was modified to run in diesel methanol compound combustion (DMCC) mode, was investigated. After the diesel injection parameters were calibrated, and combined with a sample after-treatment device DOC (diesel oxidation catalyst), the engine could meet the requirements of China II legislation. The overall MSP (methanol substitute percent) reached 54.1%. The value of each pollutant emission was much lower than that in China II emission legislation, and there was almost no methanol and formaldehyde emissions. When methanol was injected into the inlet manifold, the intake air temperature decreased a lot, as well as the exhaust gas temperature, which were beneficial to increase engine thermal efficiency and improve engine room environment. Compared with the engine running in pure diesel mode, when the engine ran in diesel/methanol dual fuel mode, the combustion phase was advanced, and the combustion duration became shorter. Therefore, the engine thermal efficiency increased, and fuel consumption decreased significantly. 相似文献
57.
Mengwei Zhang Wanyue Liu Qian Qu Mingjing Ke Zhenyan Zhang Zhigao Zhou Tao Lu Haifeng Qian 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(11):102-109
An effective broad-spectrum fungicide, azoxystrobin (AZ), has been widely detected in aquatic ecosystems, potentially affecting the growth of aquatic microorganisms. In the present study, the eukaryotic alga Monoraphidium sp. and the cyanobacterium Pseudanabaena sp. were exposed to AZ for 7 days. Our results showed that 0.2–0.5 mg/L concentrations of AZ slightly inhibited the growth of Monoraphidium sp. but stimulated Pseudanabaena sp. growth. Meanwhile, AZ treatment effectively increased the secretion of total organic carbon (TOC) in the culture media of the two species, and this phenomenon was also found in a freshwater microcosm experiment (containing the natural microbial community). We attempted to assess the effect of AZ on the function of aquatic microbial communities through metabolomic analysis and further explore the potential risks of this compound. The metabonomic profiles of the microcosm indicated that the most varied metabolites after AZ treatment were related to the citrate cycle (TCA), fatty acid biosynthesis and purine metabolism. We thereby inferred that the microbial community increased extracellular secretions by adjusting metabolic pathways, which might be a stress response to reduce AZ toxicity. Our results provide an important theoretical basis for further study of fungicide stress responses in aquatic microcosm microbial communities, as well as a good start for further explorations of AZ detoxification mechanisms, which will be valuable for the evaluation of AZ environmental risk. 相似文献
58.
达里诺尔湖(简称“达里湖”)是内蒙古自治区高原地区重要的生态屏障,探究达里湖水质状况及污染来源,对加强流域水环境治理、改善水环境质量具有十分重要的意义.于2018年9月及2019年6月对湖水进行采样,并通过三维荧光光谱结合PARAFAC(平行因子分析)模型,探究达里湖水体DOM(溶解性有机质)来源及其与水质的关系.结果表明:①达里湖水体中pH较高,ρ(DOC)(DOC为溶解性有机碳)、ρ(NH4+-N)、ρ(TP)相对较高,均超过GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅴ类水质标准限值.②水体中DOM含4种荧光组分.夏季水体DOM主要分布于河流入湖口附近,其中,类腐殖质荧光组分(紫外区类富里酸和可见区类富里酸)占总组分的62.93%,类蛋白类荧光组分(类色氨酸和类酪氨酸)占总组分的36.07%;秋季水体DOM主要分布于东南侧,其中,类腐殖质荧光组分占总组分的40.52%,类蛋白类荧光组分占总组分的59.48%.③达里湖采样点荧光参数表明,达里湖DOM自生源特征较强,腐殖化程度较低.类腐殖质荧光组分与ρ(DOC)、ρ(Chla)均呈正相关,类色氨酸荧光组分与pH呈正相关,类络氨酸与ρ(DTN)、ρ(NH4+-N)、ρ(DTP)均呈正相关.研究显示,达里湖DOM具有陆源与生物源双重特性,DOM的形成与微生物、细菌、浮游生物的生命活动密切相关. 相似文献
59.
以城市剩余污泥为原料,于300,400,500,600 ℃温度条件下制备生物炭,通过单因素静态吸附实验探讨制备温度对生物炭吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响。结果表明:在500 ℃以内随着温度上升制备的生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量增加,制备温度高于500 ℃后变化不明显;扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积(BET)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)表征结果显示,热解温度对生物炭表面形貌和官能团组成有显著影响;等温模型及动力学拟合结果表明,生物炭吸附Cr(Ⅵ)为单分子层吸附、物理-化学复合吸附。热解温度对污泥制备生物炭吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的性能有显著影响,最佳制备温度为500 ℃,在此条件制备的生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的理论吸附量可达7.93 mg/g。 相似文献
60.
根据材料类型和点阵结构,对点阵夹层结构进行了分类简述,并从静态、动态力学性能上,分析了各类点阵夹层结构的优缺点。简要叙述了设计过程中,综合考虑材料、结构以及功能等影响因素,针对不同使用工况的要求,可对各影响因素进行匹配设计,以实现传热特性、电磁波屏蔽特性、声学特性等不同的功能性需求。然后介绍了复合点阵夹层结构(嵌锁组装、模具热压成形、穿插编织)和金属点阵夹层结构(冲压成形、挤压线切割、拉伸网折叠、搭接拼装、熔模铸造以及增材制造)的主要制造工艺。最后提出如何将设计因子与多目标进行匹配及优化设计,是轻质高强点阵夹层结构的重点研究方向,轻质高强点阵夹层结构将朝多材料及多结构复合方向发展,开发新的制造工艺,提高费效比,是点阵夹层结构材料需解决的问题。 相似文献