利用电泳萃取技术从有机溶液中回收染料

本文以正丁醇作为有机溶剂,水作为萃取剂,依据染料在两相体系中的分配关系,选择了几种油溶性较好的染料,实验研究了电泳萃取过程所能达到的萃取效果及电压、两相流速变化对萃取率及传质通量的影响。实验结果表明,萃取率和传质通量随电压的增大而增大,在施加足够大的电压的情况下,萃取率可达９０％以上,有机相流速改变对驻效果有显著影响,有机相流速增大萃取率减小,传质通量可能存在极大值,水相流速改变对萃取效果影响不大     

用好防灾科技学院教育平台 创建和弘扬防震减灾文化——恭贺母校升本暨校庆30周年

本文对防震减灾文化的组成、创建动力及其方法进行了探讨。初次提出了防震减灾文化的概念，并对创建防震减灾文化的目的和如何创建、弘扬防震减灾文化提出了看法和观点。     

Characteristics of plankton Hg bioaccumulations based on a global data set and the implications for aquatic systems with aggravating nutrient imbalance

• Hg bioaccumulation by phytoplankton varies among aquatic ecosystems. • Active Hg uptake may exist for the phytoplankton in aquatic ecosystems. • Impacts of nutrient imbalance on food chain Hg transfer should be addressed. The bioaccumulation of mercury (Hg) in aquatic ecosystem poses a potential health risk to human being and aquatic organism. Bioaccumulations by plankton represent a crucial process of Hg transfer from water to aquatic food chain. However, the current understanding of major factors affecting Hg accumulation by plankton is inadequate. In this study, a data set of 89 aquatic ecosystems worldwide, including inland water, nearshore water and open sea, was established. Key factors influencing plankton Hg bioaccumulation (i.e., plankton species, cell sizes and biomasses) were discussed. The results indicated that total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in plankton in inland waters were significantly higher than those in nearshore waters and open seas. Bioaccumulation factors for the logarithm of THg and MeHg of phytoplankton were 2.4–6.0 and 2.6–6.7 L/kg, respectively, in all aquatic ecosystems. They could be further biomagnified by a factor of 2.1–15.1 and 5.3–28.2 from phytoplankton to zooplankton. Higher MeHg concentrations were observed with the increases of cell size for both phyto- and zooplankton. A contrasting trend was observed between the plankton biomasses and BAF_MeHg, with a positive relationship for zooplankton and a negative relationship for phytoplankton. Plankton physiologic traits impose constraints on the rates of nutrients and contaminants obtaining process from water. Nowadays, many aquatic ecosystems are facing rapid shifts in nutrient compositions. We suggested that these potential influences on the growth and composition of plankton should be incorporated in future aquatic Hg modeling and ecological risk assessments.     

Thermal defluorination behaviors of PFOS,PFOA and PFBS during regeneration of activated carbon by molten salt

• New method of mineralizing PFCs was proposed. • Activated carbon was regenerated while mineralizing PFCs. • Molten NaOH has good mineralization effect on PFOS and PFBS. Current study proposes a green regeneration method of activated carbon (AC) laden with Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) from the perspective of environmental safety and resource regeneration. The defluorination efficiencies of AC adsorbed perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) using three molten sodium salts and one molten alkali were compared. Results showed that defluorination efficiencies of molten NaOH for the three PFCs were higher than the other three molten sodium salts at lower temperature. At 700°C, the defluorination efficiencies of PFOS and PFBS using molten NaOH reached to 84.2% and 79.2%, respectively, while the defluorination efficiency of PFOA was 35.3%. In addition, the temperature of molten salt, the holding time and the ratio of salt to carbon were directly proportional to the defluorination efficiency. The low defluorination efficiency of PFOA was due to the low thermal stability of PFOA, which made it difficult to be captured by molten salt.The weight loss range of PFOA was 75°C–125°C, which was much lower than PFOS and PFBS (400°C–500°C). From the perspective of gas production, fluorine-containing gases produced from molten NaOH-treated AC were significantly reduced, which means that environmental risks were significantly reduced. After molten NaOH treatment, the regenerated AC had higher adsorption capacity than that of pre-treated AC.     

Worldwide cases of water pollution by emerging contaminants: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Water contamination by emerging contaminants is increasing in the context of rising urbanization, industrialization, and agriculture production. Emerging...     

Treatment and desalination of domestic wastewater for water reuse in a four-chamber microbial desalination cell

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) have been studied for contaminant removal from wastewater and salinity reduction in saline water. However, in an...     

曝气深度对河道底泥特性及水质的影响

采用室内模拟实验方法对受污河道底泥和上覆水进行研究,对比分析静置状态X0和不同曝气深度条件下(分别为水体曝气泥水界面上方10 cm,底泥曝气下方5和15 cm处,依次记为X+10、X-5和X-15)河道底泥特性及水质的影响情况。结果表明:底泥曝气较水体曝气而言,能促进水体DO更快恢复;停止曝气,DO浓度也会维持在较高的状态,有利于有机物和氨氮的进一步去除。在相同曝气量下,底泥曝气比水体曝气能更好地去除底泥中污染物,并减少再次释放,且底泥曝气深度越深,处理效果越好,至实验结束时,X-15组上覆水中COD、NH4+-N、TN及TP浓度分别为16.25、3.03、13.39及0.09 mg/L,去除率分别为69.73%、78.36%、45.98%及84.21%;停止曝气后,经曝气处理的底泥对磷的吸附容量显著增加,并且不会再向上覆水中释放污染物,避免引起水体的二次污染。     

长江中游滨岸带水体氨氮循环速率及影响因素

氨氮(NH_4~+)是大多数浮游生物优先利用的氮源,其在水体中的再生过程(REG)和潜在吸收过程(U_(pot))影响水体初级生产力和生物群落的生长。以长江为研究对象,采用同位素稀释法对长江中游滨岸带水体的NH_4~+循环速率进行研究。结果显示:长江中游滨岸带水体NH_4~+再生速率为0.12～1.62μmol/(L·h),潜在吸收速率为0.21～2.35μmol/(L·h),生物群落NH_4~+需求(CBAD)为0.08～0.75μmol/(L·h)。NH_4~+再生速率、潜在吸收速率和生物群落NH_4~+需求均随水流方向自宜昌至鄱阳湖湖口呈现显著的下降趋势(p0.05)。统计分析表明,化学需氧量(COD)(p0.01)和悬浮物浓度(SS)(p0.05)是影响长江中游水体NH_4~+循环速率的主要因素。长江中游水体NH_4~+再生速率占潜在吸收速率的43.1%～76.0%,均值为58.5±8.5%,表明NH_4~+再生是长江中游水体中生物群落NH_4~+吸收过程的主要NH_4~+来源。估算得到的NH_4~+再生量是长江中游水体TN负荷的2倍,表明水体NH_4~+再生在支持水体初级生产力和维持氮素内循环方面具有重要作用。     

Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticides - lindane, p,p'-DDT, and heptachlor epoxide - in surface water of China

Persistent organochlorine pesticides pollutants (OCPs) have been reported to occur at relatively high concentrations in some Chinese waters. In order to map the distribution of organochlorine pesticides in the surface water throughout China, samples were collected from over 600 sites in seven major river basins and three main internal rivers drainage areas during 2003 and 2004. The surface water samples were analyzed for the representative organochlorine pesticides contaminants including lindane (gamma-HCH), p,p'-DDT and heptachlor epoxide. In general, the most frequently detected compound was lindane, being detected in 83.9% of samples (mean=31.3 ng/l; range <0.17-860 ng/l), and the highest concentration was present in the Yellow River basin. p,p'-DDT was detected in 63.1% of the samples collected (mean=14.6 ng/l; range <0.14-368 ng/l) with the highest concentration present in the Huaihe River basin. Heptachlor epoxide was detected in only 9.3% of water samples (range <0.11-10 ng/l). Measured concentrations for the three compounds were low and rarely exceed the environment quality standard for surface water of China. Lindane was more frequently detected at much higher concentrations in the rivers of northern China compared with those of southern China. The sites with higher concentration of lindane and p,p'-DDT mainly occurred in the Yellow River and Huaihe River basins, so the results of this investigation indicate that the organochlorine pesticide contamination of Yellow River and Huaihe River basins should be of particular concern relative to the other basins. When compared with other regions of the world, it appears that the Chinese surface water is moderately polluted by lindane and p,p'-DDT.