Degradation of diuron in aqueous solution by ozonation

Degradation of diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] in aqueous solution and the proposed degradation mechanism of diuron by ozonation were investigated. The factors that affect the degradation efficiency of diuron were examined. The generated inorganic ions and organic acids during the ozonation process were detected. Total organic carbon removal rate and the amount of the released Cl^? increased with increasing ozonation time, but only 80.0% of the maximum theoretical concentration of Cl^? at total mineralization was detected when initial diuron concentration was 13.8 mg L^?1. For N species, the final concentrations of NO₃ ^? and NH₄ ⁺ after 60 min of reaction time were 0.28 and 0.19 mg L^?1, respectively. The generated acetic acid, formic acid and oxalic acid were detected during the reaction process. The main degradation pathway of diuron by ozonation involved a series of dechlorination-hydroxylation, dealkylation and oxidative opening of the aromatic ring processes, leading to small organic species and inorganic species. The degradation efficiency of diuron increased with decreasing initial diuron concentration. Higher pH value, more ozone dosage, additive Na₂CO₃, additive NaHCO₃ and additive H₂O₂ were all advantageous to improve the degradation efficiency of diuron.     

复合垂直流与潜流人工湿地沿程脱氮除磷对比研究

针对复合垂直流和潜流人工湿地对COD、TP、NH_4~+-N、NO~3~--N和TN的沿程去除规律进行了对比研究.结果表明,夏季复合垂直流人工湿地的去除效果均好于潜流人工湿地.对于复合垂直流人工湿地,污染物的去除主要集中在下行流池,且在进水端0～20 cm对COD、TP、NH_4~+-N和TN都有快速降解的过程.对于潜流人工湿地,进水端0～40 cm主要是COD和TP的快速降解沉淀,之后硝化作用逐渐加强,潜流人工湿地沿程均会发生反硝化作用,TN浓度基本呈均匀下降趋势.     

耐寒人工湿地植物石龙芮和酸模联用研究

为了提高人工湿地在寒冷季节的运行效率,对2种非夏季植物作为湿地植物处理生活污水的可行性进行了研究。结果表明,在本实验条件下2种植物对N、P元素都具有很好的去除效果,对COD的去除也达到45%～50%。通过单一植物系统和复合植物系统的处理效果比较,发现石龙芮酸模复合植物系统对污水中的P元素和COD的去除率更高。研究表明,石龙芮和酸模作为人工湿地植物具有可行性,与常规植物互补使用能在一定程度上延长人工湿地的运行时间。     

湘西旅游投融资问题分析

阐述了湘西旅游投融资情况和效果,总结了目前湘西旅游投融资具有政府主导、企业主导、村民自筹资金、政企合作、政企和社区合作等模式,分析了湘西旅游投融资中存在的问题,提出应注意转变政府职能、强化市场和政策引导、大力招商引资、加强投资管理等发展建议.     

微生物絮凝剂絮凝特性的研究

考察了微生物絮凝剂产生菌Bacillus sp.B-2发酵生产絮凝剂的絮凝特性。研究表明,该菌在生长过程中产生絮凝剂并将其分泌到细胞外,每升发酵液可制得絮凝剂粗品1．7g,絮凝活性最高达97％以上,絮凝效能优于目前市售化学絮凝剂。该絮凝剂凝聚絮凝高岭土悬浊液最适宜的pH值在大于7的偏碱性条件,Ca^2 ,Mg^2 ,Mn^2 ,Al^3 等二价、三价金属离子对其絮凝具有促进作用,且随着Ca^2 浓度的增加,促进作用加强。     

膜分离—变压吸附耦合工艺处理催化剂载体生产废气

采用膜分离—变压吸附耦合工艺处理DQ催化剂载体生产过程产生的高浓度挥发性有机物（VOCs）废气。实验结果表明：在进气正己烷和非甲烷总烃的质量浓度分别为95 000~212 000 mg/m³和100 000 ~220 000 mg/m³、渗余侧压力0.25 MPa、渗透侧真空度0.09 MPa、进气流量15 Nm³/h的条件下,膜分离单元对废气中正己烷及非甲烷总烃的平均去除率分别为97.88%和97.29%;变压吸附单元对正己烷及非甲烷总烃的平均去除率分别为99.35%和99.33%;整套装置对正己烷及非甲烷总烃的平均总去除率分别为99.99%和99.98%。平均正己烷回收率达95.56%。处理后废气中非甲烷总烃质量浓度小于70 mg/ m³,达到北京市DB 11/ 447—2007 《炼油与石油化学工业大气污染物排放标准》的一级指标。     

Activity of nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase, 5′-nucleotidase,and adenosine deaminase in cattle fed on pastures treated with different nitrogen fertilizers

The aim of this study was to evaluate nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase, 5′-nucleotidase, and adenosine deaminase activities in cattle fed on cuttings from pastures fertilized with urea compared to animals fed on cuttings from organically fertilized or from non-fertilized pastures. Blood samples were collected up to 9 h after feeding, and nitrite and enzyme activities were evaluated. The animals feeding on urea-fertilized pasture suffered subclinical intoxication. Serum nitrite levels increased by about 50% and adenosine deaminase activity increased almost sixfold 4 and 6 h after feeding on urea-fertilized pasture, and adenosine deaminase in platelets almost doubled 6 and 9 h after feeding. In platelets, nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase activity with adenosine triphosphate as substrate increased 2, 4, 6 and 9 h after feeding while nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase with adenosine diphosphate as substrate and 5′-nucleotidase activities increased only 9 h after feeding. Increased activities of these enzymes may be implicated in the pathophysiology of subclinical intoxication since they are involved in many biochemical functions.     

油田注汽锅炉烟气余热利用与低碳减排

通过对注汽锅炉烟气余热利用潜力的分析及开展余热利用方式对比分析,采用在注汽锅炉对流段上安装热管换热器,使高温烟气与助燃空气换热,利用换热器回收烟气余热。该技术的现场应用,实现了注汽锅炉燃料单耗降低和污染物排放量降低的目的,取得了良好的节能、减排效果。     

全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)在藻渣/小球藻上的吸附行为及机理

为了开发新型廉价生物吸附剂,以高效吸附去除水体中全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS),对小球藻提取生物柴油后的藻渣吸附酸性水体中的PFOS进行了吸附行为及机理的研究。小球藻提取生物质柴油后,比表面积、孔容、孔径几乎没有变化;等电点由3.3降低至2.7;蛋白质含量由51.45%提高到57.35%。在酸性条件下(pH≤3),小球藻和藻渣对PFOS的吸附率均达到99%以上;随着pH值增加至7,二者的吸附去除率迅速降低,但仍保持在22%~26%。小球藻和藻渣对PFOS的最大吸附容量分别为353.69 mg/g和444.83 mg/g。Freundlich模型能较好地拟合二者对PFOS的吸附数据,表明为多层吸附,即小球藻以静电吸引的形式吸附PFOS阴离子,并疏水分配至所含蛋白质中;而藻渣中含量较高的蛋白质对PFOS的疏水性分配作用是导致藻渣吸附量增高的主要原因。     

纳滤去除饮用水中的PFOS

全氟辛烷磺酸类物质（PFOS）是一种新型持久性有机污染物,对人类健康存在很大威胁,目前世界范围内的水体中均检测到不同浓度的PFOS。研究如何安全有效去除这类新型污染物十分必要。利用HYDRA—COPe10纳滤膜进行PFOS去除研究,在不同操作压力下研究pH、电解质以及与腐殖酸共存对PFOS截留效果的影响。结果表明,随着pH值的增加,截留率上升;二价盐对PFOS截留率的影响要高于一价盐,并且随着二价盐离子强度的增加,截留率上升;腐殖酸共存时截留效率有显著增加,尤其在1mmol／L钙离子存在条件下,PFOS的截留率可达到95．8％,但会引起膜通量下降及膜污染的发生。