臭氧基准实验室的设计与配置

文章阐述了在空气质量自动监测网络中建设臭氧基准实验室和建立臭氧量值溯源体系的必要性,介绍了全球臭氧基准实验室的建设情况。并以珠江三角洲区域空气监控网络为例,探讨了臭氧基准实验室的布局设计,包括实验室面积、工作台、温度、湿度、照明、安全、电源、抽风系统等方面的要求。文章对臭氧基准实验室的仪器配置和臭氧量值溯源体系进行了介绍,通过定期使用臭氧基准对臭氧传递标准、工作标准进行依次的标准传递,以保证监测网络臭氧监测数据的准确性和可比性。     

Degradation of diuron in aqueous solution by ozonation

Degradation of diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] in aqueous solution and the proposed degradation mechanism of diuron by ozonation were investigated. The factors that affect the degradation efficiency of diuron were examined. The generated inorganic ions and organic acids during the ozonation process were detected. Total organic carbon removal rate and the amount of the released Cl^? increased with increasing ozonation time, but only 80.0% of the maximum theoretical concentration of Cl^? at total mineralization was detected when initial diuron concentration was 13.8 mg L^?1. For N species, the final concentrations of NO₃ ^? and NH₄ ⁺ after 60 min of reaction time were 0.28 and 0.19 mg L^?1, respectively. The generated acetic acid, formic acid and oxalic acid were detected during the reaction process. The main degradation pathway of diuron by ozonation involved a series of dechlorination-hydroxylation, dealkylation and oxidative opening of the aromatic ring processes, leading to small organic species and inorganic species. The degradation efficiency of diuron increased with decreasing initial diuron concentration. Higher pH value, more ozone dosage, additive Na₂CO₃, additive NaHCO₃ and additive H₂O₂ were all advantageous to improve the degradation efficiency of diuron.     

高浓度复合型聚铁硅絮凝剂PFSS和PSFS的形态分布研究

采用紫外分光光度法、逐时络合比色法和红外图谱从不同角度对高浓度聚合硫酸铁硅和聚合硅酸铁的形态分布及转化规律进行了探讨。紫外吸收表明，聚铁硅絮凝剂中主要以Fe（OH）2^＋、Fe2（OH）2^4＋等二聚体为主，而且还有三聚体或其他聚合形态的存在；逐时络合分析显示，复合型聚铁硅体系中硅形态以Si（c）为主，铁形态以Fe（a）和Fe（c）为主；红外图谱证实高浓度聚铁硅是以羟桥为主结构连接的高分子复合物，在1100cm^-1附近M-OH-M的振动证明有铁羟基及其聚合态存在，且其形态区别于PFS。     

膜蒸馏-结晶技术的研究现状和发展前景

膜蒸馏-结晶工艺是一种新的回收纯物质方法，尤其从废水中分离出晶体。对于膜蒸馏-结晶技术进行了综述，介绍了膜蒸馏-结晶技术的优点，以及工艺控制的关键技术。概述了膜蒸馏-结晶的起源和国内外研究现状，指出了膜蒸馏-结晶在高浓度无机盐废水中应用的优势，预测其在该方向上很好的发展前景。     

生物法处理甲基硫化物恶臭气体的研究

采用活性污泥法富集培养去除甲硫醇、甲硫醚、二甲基二硫等甲基硫化物的优势菌种。结果表明，经过驯化后的活性污泥，对废水中的甲硫醇钠及COD去除率达90％，SV为18％。分析了在活性污泥驯化过程中原生动物的数量和种群的演替过程。将经驯化的活性污泥固定化后处理甲硫醚和二甲基二硫恶臭废气，在进气质量浓度分别为2～50，1～40mg／m。的范围内，甲硫醚和二甲基二硫去除率都能稳定在90％左右。     

PZⅡ型炮泥制作机的研制及应用

PZ-Ⅱ型炮泥机的成功研制，解决了过去传统手工捏制炮泥的许多不足，叙述了PZ-Ⅱ型炮泥制作机的结构、工作原理、主要参数、制作及现场应用情况。     

射流自吸式生物曝气塔处理废水的研究

用射流自吸式生物曝气塔对酒精生产废水及催化剂生产废水的处理进行了试验研究。与普通活性污泥法曝气池相比,射流自吸式生产曝气塔具有处理负荷高,停留时间短,处理量大的特点,是一种新型的生物反应器。     

Control effects of pε and pH on the generation and stability of chlorine dioxide

IntroductionDuetotheformationofsomepotentiallyhazardousby productsfromchlorinedisinfectionindrinkingwater,chlorinedioxide(ClO2 ) ,asanalternativedisinfectantandaneffectiveoxidant,formedfewerhalogenatedDBPsthanchlorine(Richardson ,1 994;2 0 0 0 ;Bryant,1 992 ) .InvestigationsofthegenerationandstabilityofClO2 havealreadypromoteditsapplication .However,previousstudiespaynoattentiontothefactorofelectronactivity (pε)thatactuallyaffectsthegenerationandstabilityofClO2 Theignoranceofpεappearan…     

用模糊数学方法分析长江、淮河、黄河、海滦河流域丰枯遭遇

我国北方干旱、南方湿润,地表径流分布又极不均匀,使得跨流域引水成为解决北方干旱的重大措施,已经设计并实施的南水北调东线工程及规划的中线初期引汉调水方案,都将涉及到被调水流域与受水流域及所通过水系流域的水文情势变化,它不仅影响调水线路的选择及调水量的确定,还直接或间接地影响着调水建筑物过水能力的设计。作为南水北调的基础研究,我们除用常规方法外,并用模糊数学方法进一步分析了长江、淮河、黄河及海滦河四大流域年径流量的丰枯遭遇。     

The chemical stability of heavy metals in a natural water system

A comprehensive investigation of heavy metal pollutants in Xiangjiang river was accomplished to evaluate their chemical stability through three different ways: (1) Chemical speciation by direct measurements; (2) Chemical equilibrium model simulation; (3) Sediment extraction experiments. All the results demonstrated that the directly bioavailable fraction was in a very limited amount. The metal bound to organic ligands, adsorbed particles and precipitated species presented a buffer for solution species. The majority of metals occured in the residues as solid particulates. It was inferred that the heavy metal pollutants in this aquatic system exhibited a high chemical stability. The critical limits of discharging load and pH values were suggested.