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91.
Luca Marmo Norberto Piccinini Luca Fiorentini 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(1):215-224
The Authors of this paper are the technical experts that were entrusted by the Public Prosecutor to conduct the technical inquiry into the accident that occurred in the ThyssenKrupp plant in Torino on December 6, 2007. The paper contains the results of the inquiry under the above mentioned point of view. The dynamics of the accident, the main causes and the consequences have been defined.This was an unusual accident from which important lessons can be learned. On December 6, a modest fire developed in the entry section of a pickling and annealing line in the TK plant in Turin. The eight workers on duty seized the firefighting equipment and started to try to extinguish the fire. The workers had portable fire extinguishers and a fire hydrant, so they had to get close to the fire to fight it. Suddenly, a violent jet fire, caused by the rupture of a hydraulic circuit, occurred. The flame instantaneously struck the eight workers while they were still fighting the fire. Seven workers suffered very serious burns, one died instantaneously while the other six had over the following month. One of the workers, who was partly protected by an operating machine, suffered only minor burns and survived. The paper contains some important lessons that have been learned from the present case, which demonstrate that the fire risk at pickling and annealing lines has generally been underestimated by the steel industry. The fire risk due to hydraulic actuators is also evident and new fire fighting strategies are suggested. 相似文献
92.
93.
F. Recanatesi M. N. Ripa A. Leone Perini Luigi Salvati Luca 《Environmental management》2013,52(2):503-513
Soil erosion is a Europe-wide problem, causing both loss of soil fertility and pollution due to nutrient transport into water bodies. This process is particularly important in the Mediterranean area, where the climate, characterised by long periods of drought followed by intense precipitation, favours soil erosion. Research carried out in this field has amply described this process, showing that climate and land use/land cover (LU/LC) are the two main factors regulating this phenomenon. However, the interaction between these factors is complex and experimental research is needed to understand the nutrient loads deriving from different land uses. This paper shows the results of a long-term monitoring project carried out in the Lake Vico basin (central Italy), using high resolution data and runoff samples to determine the phosphorus (P) export from four different LU/LC classes resulting from the same climatic event. The results highlight the fundamental role that LU/LC plays in terms of phosphorus load. Furthermore, the results appear to indicate that the maximum rainfall registered for 30′ (I 30, max), rather than the total quantity of precipitation, has the greatest effect on levels of erosion, and consequently on the migration of nutrients rather than the total quantity of precipitation can affect on erosion and therefore the migration of nutrients. These data could contribute to scientific planning support for land management choices aimed at controlling water pollution from non-point pollution sources. 相似文献
94.
Bracchini L Cózar A Dattilo AM Loiselle SA Tognazzi A Azza N Rossi C 《Chemosphere》2006,63(7):1170-1178
Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) is an important component in freshwater and marine ecosystems and plays direct and indirect role in biogeochemical cycles. CDOM originates from the degradation process of organic materials, usually macrophytes and planktons. The present work examines the importance of wetland derived CDOM on the optical and bio-optical properties of two bays of Lake Victoria (Uganda, Africa). This was achieved by determining the attenuation and extinction coefficients of filtered and unfiltered water samples from two equatorial bays on the Ugandan coastline of Lake Victoria. Katonga Bay is a wetland lined bay that receives water from the Katonga river, while Bunjako Bay is an outer bay between Katonga Bay and Lake Victoria. The results showed that attenuation was highest in Katonga Bay and the role of CDOM is most dominant near the river inlet. The quantity and quality of CDOM is extremely different in the two bays: in Katonga Bay it is possible to hypothesize a terrestrial origin of CDOM (transported by the wetland river). On the contrary, in Bunjako Bay, spectral measurements of absorption indicate a modified CDOM and/or alternative CDOM source. The terrestrial CDOM in Katonga Bay is more capable of absorbing harmful UV radiation than the CDOM present in the Bunjako Bay. The resulting optical environment in the former bay presented a water column with a very limited penetration of harmful UV radiation, while a higher penetration was observed in the Bunjako Bay. 相似文献
95.
A generic input-state-output scheme has been used to represent ecosystem dynamics. Systemic approaches to ecosystems use functions that are based either on inputs, state or outputs of the system. Some examples of approaches that use a combination of functions have been recently proposed. For example the use of eco-exergy to emergy flow can be seen as a mixed input-state approach; more recently, to connect the state to the output of the ecosystem, the relation of eco-exergy and ecosystems services has been proposed. This paper studies the link between the useful output of an ecosystems and its input through the relation between ecosystem services and emergy flow, in a kind of grey/black box scheme (i.e., without considering the state and the structure of the ecosystem). No direct connection between the two concepts can be determined, but identifying and quantifying the emergy flows feeding an ecosystem and the services to humans coming from them facilitate the sustainable conservation of Nature and its functions. Furthermore, this input-output relation can be established in general by calculating the ratio of the value of the ecosystem services to the emergy flow that supports the system. In particular, the ratio of the world ecosystem services to the emergy flow supporting the entire biosphere has been calculated showing that, at least at the global level, Nature is more efficacious in producing “money” (in form of ecosystem services) than economic systems (e.g., national economies and their GDP). 相似文献
96.
Giuliani S Romano S Turetta C Cu NH Bellucci LG Capodaglio G Mugnai C Nhon DH Frignani M 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(5):1383-1392
Trace element concentrations have been measured in soil and sediment samples taken from the Thua Thien Hue (TT-H) Province and the Tam Giang-Cau Hai (TG-CH) Lagoon in 2002 and 2004. Results show that the lagoon is only slightly contaminated by elements such as Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, whereas As, probably naturally enriched in this Asian region, reaches values above the lowest internationally accepted sediment quality guidelines. Concentrations in soils are ascribable to natural sources and distributions in the TG-CH Lagoon are mainly influenced by river inputs, with Ag and Cd undergoing estuarine desorption processes. However, concentration-depth profiles of most trace elements in sediments show a recent increasing trend that might be linked to the economic development of the area. The comparison of porosity and (210)Pb depth profiles (confirmed also by Cd and As) from repeated samplings of the same core locations in the TG-CH Lagoon seems to account for a loss of 5-10 cm of surficial sediment that took place during the time interval between the two samplings. It is hypothesized that extreme meteorological events (e.g. a major typhoon that hit the area in November 2003) could be responsible for such sediment displacement. 相似文献
97.
Parolini Marco Sturini Michela Maraschi Federica Profumo Antonella Costanzo Alessandra Caprioli Manuela Rubolini Diego Ambrosini Roberto Canova Luca 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(13):15828-15837
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Trace elements are widespread contaminants that can potentially threaten ecosystems and human health. Considering their distribution and toxicity,... 相似文献
98.
Regional Environmental Change - The recent (twentieth century) and future (twenty-first century) climate evolution in the Mediterranean region is analyzed in relation to annual mean global surface... 相似文献
99.
Bianco Angelica Carena Luca Peitsaro Nina Sordello Fabrizio Vione Davide Passananti Monica 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(2):647-653
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Microplastics are of rising health concerns because they have been detected even in remote and pristine environments, from the Artic snow to the Marianne Trench.... 相似文献
100.
A. Deluca Luca R. Wagener C. Bough L. H. Melges De Figueiredo R. Carreira K. Wagener 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(1-4):19-39
A survey was made in an area of 28 km2 around the outlest of Ipanema's submarine outfall in order to evaluate the impact of the raw domestic sewage effluent on coastal waters. Nutrient concentrations, dissolved oxygen, particulate matter and other physico-chemical parameters were measured monthly for 15 months. Copper and lead concentrations were also determined for two of the samplings. The outfall has been in operation for 18 years, and the parameters measured within the observation area appear to be in steady state. From the observed radial concentration gradients within the survey area, a real extension of the steady state distribution of particulate matter and of sewage-derived nitrogen was estimated. the stationary cloud of particulate organic matter was about 150 km2. From its total inventory and the discharge rate, a mean residence time of the particles in the sea of 56 days is estimated, prior to their being decomposed by bacterial action or settling to the bottom. for sewage derived N (as ammonia or nitrate), the steady state amount (above background) covers an area of about 60 km2 and leads to a mean residence time of 5 ± 1 days in the ocean. Phosphorus is readily absorbed by the phytoplankton. The presence of temperature gradients established by cold upwelling waters controls the dispersion of the sewage material and the rising of the sewage plume to the surface waters. 相似文献