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151.
152.
The EU vision of sustainable agriculture, land use, forestry and management of natural resources contributes to the balanced exploitation of the environment, taking into account rural development strategy. Whilst the EU directs activities through legislative tools, national systems of public administration are responsible for the implementation of the respective laws. Despite there not being acquis communautaire in public administration, non-formal cooperation has nevertheless emerged and systems of national public administration have to meet EU criteria and ensure the effective implementation of legislation. The paper presents an analysis of how Slovak state administration has converged with EU requirements in the field of sustainable agriculture, land use, forestry and natural resources. Administrative convergence is considered through the internal convergence represented by capacities without legal subjectivity, and through external convergence represented by legal and administrative subjectivity. Both approaches are observed at the central level within specialized public authorities. Local state administration is characterized by the creation of internal administrative capacities with the challenging delimitation of which competences are affected by the process of administrative convergence. 相似文献
153.
Inbreeding depression is a well-documented phenomenon. In animals, one means of avoiding the costs of inbreeding is through
the recognition and avoidance of kin as mates. Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are short-lived, socially monogamous rodents that demonstrate inbreeding depression in the laboratory. Field data indicate
that pair formation in nature is opportunistic but pairing among close relatives seems uncommon. We examined the role of relatedness
and familiarity on prairie vole social associations and reproduction by placing adult voles into 0.1-ha enclosures with familiar
siblings, unfamiliar siblings, and unrelated, unfamiliar conspecifics. Live-trapping data indicated that indices of social
pair bonding were random with respect to relatedness and familiarity. Among females whose litters were sired by a single male,
litters were significantly more likely to be sired by unfamiliar than familiar males, but the number of litters sired by males
that were unrelated to their partner was not different from the number of litters sired by males that were related to their
partner. Additionally, females that produced offspring with familiar siblings were significantly more likely to have litters
with multiple paternity than females not producing offspring with familiar siblings. However, multiple paternity was not influenced
by relatedness of sires. Finally, older individuals were more likely to produce offspring with each other than with younger
individuals. Our findings suggest that prior association is a more important mechanism of inbreeding avoidance than phenotype
matching for prairie voles mating under ecologically relevant conditions. 相似文献
154.
Sanchez-Prado L Llompart M Lores M García-Jares C Bayona JM Cela R 《Chemosphere》2006,65(8):1338-1347
Photo solid-phase microextraction (photo-SPME) is applied for the first time to study the photochemical behavior of an emerging pollutant, triclosan, in real contaminated wastewater samples using a solar simulator. In this study, water samples are extracted by SPME and then, the fiber coating is irradiated for a selected time. This on-fiber procedure, so-called photo-SPME, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry makes it possible to study photodegradation kinetics and the generation of byproducts. Several photoproducts were identified in the real samples including the 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, dichlorophenols and a compound tentatively identified as other DCDD congener or a dichlorohydroxydibenzofuran. Accordingly, it was possible to postulate main photodegradation mechanisms. Photo-SPME demonstrated slower kinetics in wastewater than in spiked ultrapure water probably due to the presence of dissolved organic matter. This technique was extensively compared with conventional aqueous photodegradation showing high similarity. The influence of pH on the triclosan photolysis and on the triclosan-dioxin conversion was also investigated in wastewater. Photodegradation of triclosan and formation of 2,8-DCDD occurred independently of sample pH. This study represents an advance in the use of photo-SPME to understand the photochemical fate of environmental organic pollutants and demonstrates its clear advantages with real samples. 相似文献
155.
Fabrizio Bert Giacomo Scaioli Maria Rosaria Gualano Stefano Passi Maria Lucia Specchia Chiara Cadeddu Cristina Viglianchino Roberta Siliquini 《Food and environmental virology》2014,6(2):67-74
Noroviruses are recognized as the leading cause of human acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. The rate of outbreaks on cruise ships has grown significantly in recent years. Given the potentially harmful consequences of outbreaks for passengers and crewmembers and the subsequently high costs for cruise companies, disease outbreaks on cruise ships represent a serious public health issue. The aim of our study was to systematically review published studies related to Norovirus outbreaks on commercial cruise ships. We searched the PubMed and Scopus scientific databases. We included eligible studies published from January 1990 to July 2013 that were written in English and described infectious episodes involving at least two passengers and/or crewmembers on a commercial cruise ship. As a result, 15 studies and seven reviews met the inclusion criteria, describing a total of 127 outbreaks. The majority of the cases were reported in Europe and the USA, affecting <1 to 74 % of the embarked passengers. In the majority of the studies, stool samples and/or serum specimens from ill passengers were collected and tested for laboratory confirmation. Twelve studies reported that an ad-hoc questionnaire was administered. Fifteen studies investigated the possible source of infection which was contaminated food in the majority of cases. Our findings suggest a strong need for the monitoring and implementation of preventive measures in semi-closed communities, such as cruise ships. It would be advisable to strengthen all relevant initiatives in order to improve the detection of, response to and control of Norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships. 相似文献
156.
Pérez-Sirvent Carmen Martínez-Martínez Lucia Belén Martínez-Lopez Salvadora Hernández-Perez Carmen García-Lorenzo Mari Luz Bech Jaume Martínez-Sánchez María José 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(2):447-463
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - This study discusses an estimate of the risk associated with the intake of soil contaminated by lead, based on the nature of the source, through a detailed... 相似文献
157.
Tavella Ronan Adler Fernandes Caroline Lopes Feijo Schimith Lucia Emanueli Volcão Lisiane Martins dos Santos Marina da Silva Júnior Flavio Manoel Rodrigues 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(49):74335-74345
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Socioeconomic and demographic factors, lifestyle and cultural characteristics may play an important role in the development of genetic damage. This... 相似文献
158.
Nast Maurício Reimann Colares Gustavo Stolzenberg Machado Ênio Leandro Rodrigues Lucia Ribeiro 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(45):67641-67658
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Wastewater treatment using constructed wetlands (CWs) based on natural wetlands constitute a viable alternative with excellent cost and benefit,... 相似文献
159.
Mali Matilda Di Leo Antonella Giandomenico Santina Spada Lucia Cardellicchio Nicola Calò Maria Fedele Alessandra Ferraro Luciana Milia Alfonsa Renzi Monia Massara Francesca Granata Tommaso Moruzzi Letizia Buonocunto Francesco Paolo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(41):62281-62298
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Gulf of Naples located in a high anthropized coastal area is subjected to an infrastructural intervention for the installation of a submarine... 相似文献