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101.
Rossella Briancesco Anna Maria Coccia Gianluca Chiaretti Simonetta Della Libera Maurizio Semproni Lucia Bonadonna 《Waste management & research》2008,26(2):196-202
Feedstock and compost samples were collected from twenty composting plants and analysed from the microbiological point of view. Faecal indicator organisms were determined in order to evaluate the efficacy of processes for the removal of pathogenic micro-organisms with similar survival characteristics and to verify their suitability as appropriate markers of microbial quality of composted products. In addition to the classical bacterial indicators, selected organisms, such as Salmonella, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Clostridium spores and helminth ova, were investigated. Statistically significant differences in the removal of the different micro-organisms were observed with regard to both the different composting plants (P < 0.05) and feedstock composition (P < 0.05). In fact, compost obtained by feedstock containing sewage sludge was shown to have a better hygienic quality in comparison with compost containing green discards and municipal solid waste as raw matter. Giardia cysts, Cryptosporidium oocysts and helminth ova were not effective indicators of hygienic quality of compost, whereas Clostridium perfringens spores, because of their high resistance to treatments, could be considered as an additional model for assessing the composting process, especially with regard to more resistant pathogen reduction. 相似文献
102.
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104.
Daniel Campo Jose Molares Lucia Garcia Pino Fernandez-Rueda Claudia Garcia-Gonzalez Eva Garcia-Vazquez 《Marine Biology》2010,157(1):147-156
The alternation of glacial and interglacial events during the Pleistocene has produced changes in species distribution ranges
leading to bottlenecks and alterations of patterns of gene flow. The European stalked barnacle, Pollicipes pollicipes, is a sessile pedunculate cirripede that inhabits the rocky intertidal frame, from Senegal to the northwestern coast of France.
In this work, we have analyzed a fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I for 569 individuals of P. pollicipes in order to investigate whether the shifts in climatic conditions that occurred during the Pleistocene influenced the current
pattern of distribution of genetic variation of P. pollicipes. A pre-last glacial maximum pattern of demographic expansion was found, in concordance with many other North Atlantic marine
species. On the other hand, three potential glacial refugia were identified: North African coasts, northwestern Iberian Peninsula
and English Channel/Brittany. 相似文献
105.
106.
Pilar D. S. C. Mariani Antonio P. Vinagre Neto José P. da Silva Jr. Elke J. B. N. Cardoso Elisa Esposito Lucia H. Innocentini-Mei 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2007,15(1):19-24
The biodegradability properties of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and modified adipate-starch (AS) blends, using Edenol-3203 (E)
as a starch plasticizer, were investigated in laboratory by burial tests of the samples in previously analyzed agricultural
soil. The biodegradation process was carried out using the respirometric test according to ASTM D 5988-96, and the mineralization
was followed by both variables such as carbon dioxide evolution and mass loss. The results indicated that the presence of
AS-E accelerated the biodegradation rate as expected. 相似文献
107.
Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in sewage effluents and correlation with microbial,chemical and physical water variables 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bonadonna L Briancesco R Ottaviani M Veschetti E 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,75(3):241-252
Contaminated water are recognized as a potential source of Cryptosporidium oocysts. In Italy studies on the environmentalspread of the parasite are still scarce even if a high frequencyof serological responses could suggest high rates of endemic Cryptosporidium infections. In this investigation theoccurrence of the parasite in water samples from a municipalwastewater treatment plant was monitored with the aim to evaluatepossible correlation between oocysts and bacterial indicators,pathogens and physico-chemical parameters using a multivariateanalysis. Data collected showed high numbers of oocysts, with ahigh percentage of positive samples and a significant correlationwith pH, redox potential and total organic carbon. No correlationwas found between Cryptosporidium concentration and that of the other microrganisms. The results, through a probing statistical analysis, show that none of the selected microrganisms was a reliable predictor of the presence of theparasite. 相似文献
108.
Seasonal differences in the locomotor activity pattern of Podarcis sicula held in constant conditions in the laboratory were found to be associated with systematic differences in both the freerunning period of locomotor rhythms () and the circadian activity time (). In order to establish whether the pineal played a role in the control of seasonal changes in circadian parameters, we examined the effects of pinealectomy in constant conditions on the locomotor behavior of lizards displaying the bimodal activity pattern typical of summer. In most lizards pinealectomy lengthened , shortened and abolished the bimodal activity pattern. Pinealectomy induced a sudden transition from the typical locomotor behavior of summer, characterized by a marked bimodal pattern, short and long , to the typical locomotor behavior of autumn, characterized by a unimodal pattern, a long and short . These results demonstrate that the pineal plays a central role in the seasonal reorganization of the circadian system that occurs in P. sicula. 相似文献
109.
Mooshammer M Wanek W Schnecker J Wild B Leitner S Hofhansl F Blöchl A Hämmerle I Frank AH Fuchslueger L Keiblinger KM Zechmeister-Boltenstern S Richter A 《Ecology》2012,93(4):770-782
Resource stoichiometry (C:N:P) is an important determinant of litter decomposition. However, the effect of elemental stoichiometry on the gross rates of microbial N and P cycling processes during litter decomposition is unknown. In a mesocosm experiment, beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) litter with natural differences in elemental stoichiometry (C:N:P) was incubated under constant environmental conditions. After three and six months, we measured various aspects of nitrogen and phosphorus cycling. We found that gross protein depolymerization, N mineralization (ammonification), and nitrification rates were negatively related to litter C:N. Rates of P mineralization were negatively correlated with litter C:P. The negative correlations with litter C:N were stronger for inorganic N cycling processes than for gross protein depolymerization, indicating that the effect of resource stoichiometry on intracellular processes was stronger than on processes catalyzed by extracellular enzymes. Consistent with this, extracellular protein depolymerization was mainly limited by substrate availability and less so by the amount of protease. Strong positive correlations between the interconnected N and P pools and the respective production and consumption processes pointed to feed-forward control of microbial litter N and P cycling. A negative relationship between litter C:N and phosphatase activity (and between litter C:P and protease activity) demonstrated that microbes tended to allocate carbon and nutrients in ample supply into the production of extracellular enzymes to mine for the nutrient that is more limiting. Overall, the study demonstrated a strong effect of litter stoichiometry (C:N:P) on gross processes of microbial N and P cycling in decomposing litter; mineralization of N and P were tightly coupled to assist in maintaining cellular homeostasis of litter microbial communities. 相似文献
110.
Lucia B. Carreon-Martinez Scott A. Holt B. Scott Nunez Cynthia K. Faulk G. Joan Holt 《Marine Biology》2010,157(8):1889-1895
Traditionally, sciaenid eggs have been identified based on morphological characteristics such as size, number of oil globules
and/or pigmentation patterns. Identification of sciaenid eggs by these procedures is time consuming and often inaccurate due
to considerable egg size overlap among species. The utilization of molecular techniques for the identification of economically
important species has become a fundamental component in ecological studies involving fish eggs and larvae. This study reports
the development of a series of both multiplex and individual polymerase chain reactions to identify the eggs of 11 sciaenid
species commonly found in the Gulf of Mexico and estuaries near Port Aransas and Corpus Christi, TX, USA. Following method
development, the discriminatory power of the assay was first determined with samples from adult fish collected from Aransas
and Corpus Christi Bays, Galveston Bay and the lower Laguna Madre in northern Mexico. Most (97%) of these fishes were correctly
identified to the level of species. To demonstrate the applicability of the assay, wild fish eggs were collected and analyzed
from the Aransas Pass tidal inlet from September through December 2005. During this period, the eggs of four target species
were positively identified which was in keeping with current knowledge regarding the spawning areas and seasons of these sciaenids
based on the presence of mature females, eggs and/or larvae. Future use of this method can provide valuable information to
better discriminate spawning sites and seasons of these species. 相似文献