Quecksilber Erfassung von Immissionswirkungen Biomonitoring mit der Standardisierten Graskultur: Eignungstest

An approach to biomonitoring of immission-induced mercury contents (= immission effects) in standardized grass cultures was made at locations with different settlement structures and in the vicinity of two waste incineration plants in the context of a research project dealing with “Active biomonitoring of immission effects in the testing area of Munich”. In 1992, mercury could be found in most grass samples using the method of cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) with an analytical detection limit of 20 µg/kg dry mass. With a new detection limit of 5 µg/kg dry mass attained by a better analytical procedure, mercury could be detected in all grass samples of 1993. An influence of the two examined waste incineration plants on the mercury content in grass could not be detected, although a relationship between mercury contents in the standardized grass culture and settlement structures is indicated.     

Langzeitmonitoring möglicher Auswirkungen gentechnisch veränderter Pflanzen auf Pflanzengesellschaften Konzeptentwicklung am Beispiel von Raps (Brassica napus)

Ecological monitoring of genetically engineered plants (GEPs) is being developed in the Bavarian Environmental Protection Agency. Focusing on oilseed rape (Brassica napus, Cruciferae), a method is being established to measure the impact of the commercial release of GEPs on plant communities. Oilseed rape is known to escape from cultures and to establish outside the fields. It also produces hybrid offspring with wild relatives of the European flora. The study site is located in Bavaria (Germany) and comprises an area of 5700 ha. It is characterized by a mosaic of protected natural habitats in close vicinity to intensively cultivated farmland. In this region species composition and population density of Cruciferae is documented prior to a possible commercial release of GEPs. Furthermore Cruciferae of the study site are tested for the presence of transgenes. Therefore, plant material of selected Cruciferae is randomly sampled. We also test oilseed rape honey from the study site and pollen from pollen traps for the presence of hybrid pollen. The molecular method used is the ‘real-time PCR’. In addition, an intensive monitoring program is established in two types of biotopes, which are located in the study site. Multivariate statistics are being used to correlate plant community data with soil parameters.