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41.
Ludwig Weißflog Wolfgang Rolle Klaus-Dieter Wenzel Ralph Kühne Gerrit Schüürmann 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1994,6(3):135-138
The deposition of heavy metals bound to air dust and their ecological effects depend, to a large degree, on particle size, which influences the transport processes in the environment. To estimate the size range of the particles mainly taken up by the pine needles, concentration gradients along a sector leeward of Leipzig were modelled according toGauss plume calculations. The results show that the aerodynamic size is between 1 and 10 μm. Particles of this size range can be taken up by lungs and, thus, have a particular toxicological relevance. 相似文献
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Klaus-Dieter Wenzel Ludwig Weiβflog Enrique Paladini Miguel Gantuz Pablo Guerreiro Carlos Puliafito Gerrit Schüürmann 《Chemosphere》1997,34(12):2505-2518
The air pollution profiles of organic xenobiotics (including chlorinated insecticides and benzenes, PCBs and PAHs) were comparatively analyzed in the climatically different regions of Leipzig-Halle (Germany) and Greater Mendoza (Argentina) using two-year-old pine needles (Pinus sylvestris L.) as passive biomonitors. In addition to total compound contents, the levels of potentially bioavailable fraction in the inner needle compartment were determined. The peak levels of chlorinated insecticides and PAHs in an urban park in Mendoza were found to exceed the maximum levels in the Leipzig-Halle region by one to two orders of magnitude, indicating the recent substantial tropospheric input of the compounds from local sources. Bioavailable fractions were observed to exhibit considerable variations for some of these compounds, which became even more distinct when needle samples from Germany and Argentina were compared. Generally speaking, an increase in permeability under semiarid climatic conditions was observed for most of the xenobiotics examined. The discussion of the results reflects the problems associated with using biomonitoring for semivolatile compounds. Interpretation takes into account pollution measurements in the air at Argentine and German reference sites. 相似文献
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Arndt U Billen N Seufert G Ludwig W Borkhart K Ohnesorge B 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1990,68(3-4):355-366
During a five year experiment on the causes of forest disease, symptoms of visible injury and pest infestations in trees treated with various air pollutants in open-top chambers were observed. Though the long-term experiment was originally not intended to include such investigations, insect infestation and some discoloration of the trees (Beech, Fagus sylvatica; Fir, Abies alba; Spruce, Picea abies) could not be avoided. Abundance and size of some of the insects were measured after two years and at the end of the experiment. Because it was unknown when the first infestation in the chambers occurred, quantitative investigations of the population size provided little information. Visible injury on leaves and needles was infrequent in general. When it occurred, it appeared to be caused by at least three stress factors. However, three different types of symptoms on beech and fir could be attributed mainly to air pollutants. These symptoms consisted of two types of foliar necrosis and browning in beech and needle tip chlorosis in fir. These symptoms have been observed under certain conditions in the German forests. The spruce clone used, however, developed no injuries which could be connected definitely to treatment effects. 相似文献
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The Science of Nature - 相似文献
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J. S. Cammerer R. Penndorf Wilhelm Ludwig W. Schnakenbeck 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1939,27(11):176-179
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