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Goutal N Luck M Boyer P Monte L Siclet F Angeli G 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2008,99(2):367-382
During last decades, a number of projects have been launched to validate models for predicting the behaviour of radioactive substances in the environment. The project of the "Aquatic" working group of the project EMRAS (Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety) organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was based on the validation and assessment of models for predicting the behaviour of radionuclides in the aquatic ecosystems. The present paper describes a blind test of models aimed at assessing the dispersion of tritium releases in the Loire River (France), on a large domain ( approximately 350km) and on a period of six months, by comparing the results obtained by operational-to-experimental values of tritium concentration at Angers, a city along the Loire River. The common conclusion is that the models used by the different participants namely 1D models and models based on a schematic hydraulic (box models) are reliable tools for tritium transport modelling. Nevertheless, the importance of proper and detailed hydrological data for the appropriate prediction of pollutant migration in water is demonstrated by the example provided during this study. 相似文献
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John A. Maga John R. Goldsmith M.D. 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(6):453-467
Abstract During the 1950s and 1960s, hundreds of thousands of underground storage tanks (and above-ground storage tanks) containing petroleum products and hazardous chemicals were installed. Many of these tanks either have been abandoned or have exceeded their useful lives and are leaking, thereby posing a serious threat to the nation’s surface and groundwater supplies, as well as to public health. Cleaning up releases of petroleum hydrocarbons or other organic chemicals in the subsurface environment is a real-world problem, Biological treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil is considered to be a relatively low-cost and safe technology; however, its potential for effectively treating recalcitrant wastes has not been fully explored. For millions of years, microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycete, protozoa, and others have performed the function of recycling organic matter from which new plant life can grow. This paper examines the biological treatment technology for cleaning up petroleum product-contaminated soils, with special emphasis on microbial enzyme systems for enhancing the rate of biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Classifications and functions of enzymes, as well as the microbes, in degrading the organic contaminants are discussed. In addition, the weathering effect on biodegradation, types of hydrocarbon degraders, advantages associated with enzyme use, methods of enzyme extraction, and future research needs for development and evaluation of enzyme-assisted bioremediation are examined. 相似文献
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Filippo Galimberti Simona Sanvito Chiara Braschi Luigi Boitani 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,62(2):159-171
Reproductive effort is a key parameter of life history because it measures the resources allocated to reproduction at the
expense of growth and maintenance. Male reproductive effort always had a minor role with respect to female effort both in
the development of theories and in field research. Elephant seals are an ideal subject for reproductive effort studies because
they fast during the breeding season, splitting the phase of energy acquisition from the phase of energy use for breeding.
In this paper, we present results on male reproductive effort (weight loss estimated by photogrammetry) in southern elephant
seals (Mirounga leonina), the most dimorphic and polygynous of all mammal species. We show that total reproductive effort increases with age, with
no sign of late decrease or senescence. Male reproductive effort in this species depends mostly on behavioral factors, i.e.,
the success in competition with other males, and the intensity of interaction with females. A large effort results in large
gains in both mating success and fertilizations. The large reproductive success that a few males are able to achieve come
at a big cost in terms of energy expenditure, but this cost does not seem to affect the likelihood of survival to the following
breeding season. 相似文献
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This study aimed to gain insight on patterns of spatial variability of seagrass epiphytes of both leaves and of rhizomes in
three different habitats, continental coasts, offshore banks and islands. Moreover, we tried to discriminate between habitat-dependant
variability and scale-dependant variability of Posidonia oceanica epiphytic assemblages. Results showed the absence of significant differences in the structure of assemblages of epiphytes
both on leaves and on rhizomes among continental coasts, offshore banks and islands, even if the patterns of spatial variability
changed among habitats. In fact, although a high variability at small scales appeared a constant pattern in epiphytic assemblages,
large-scale variability resulted higher in continental coasts and offshore banks than in islands. In conclusion, epiphytic
assemblages of Posidonia oceanica appear homogeneous among habitats, showing a similar structure and species composition in the same geographic area. On the
contrary, differences between meadows appeared linked to local differences in environmental factors that are more evident
in habitats influenced by human disturbance.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
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Susana de Melo Abreu Paulo Herbert Pierluigi Caboni Paolo Cabras Arminda Alves Vincenzo Luigi Garau 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):817-822
Fenamidone is an imidazolinone fungicide recently introduced in viticulture practices. This work reports the validation and assessment of global uncertainty of a gas chromatographic with mass spectrometry method to analyze fenamidone in grapes and wines. This method consists in a simple and fast liquid-liquid extraction step followed by chromatographic determination. Limits of detection for fenamidone in grapes and wines were, respectively, 0.05 mg/kg and 0.06 mg/L, precision was below 9.4% and average recovery was 89 ± 5%. In the concentration range from 0.05 to 1.00 mg/kg (or mg/L) of fenamidone, global uncertainty calculated following the EURACHEM/CITAC rules, and also by the Horwitz function, was below 25%. The EURACHEM/CITAC global uncertainty budget used gave lower estimates than those obtained from the Horwitz function. 相似文献
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