自然灾害变动的集成预测模型及其应用

本文提出了以非线性回归拟合发展趋势、正弦函数逼近周期变动和马尔可夫链刻划随机扰动的集成预测模型，并应用于山东省农业自然灾害成灾面积的变动规律模拟，得到了较好的预测效果。理论和实践表明，集成预测模型优于传统的单模型预测，为预测具有复杂机制的自然灾害演变提供了一种新方法。     

岷江上游半干旱河谷土壤成土特征研究：以大沟流域为例

岷江上游半干旱河谷位于新构造运动活动带，其土壤形成和发育过程有着鲜明的区域特征。本文结合该区域的自然地理特点，综合分析各成土因素和土壤性状，对该区域土壤的成土特征进行了深入的分析和研究。     

ClO2处理含铁,锰及细菌饮用水的应用研究

为了除去水中高含量的铁，锰及细菌，采用ＣｌＯ２氧化Ｆｅ＾２＋，Ｍｎ＾２＋和灭菌的方法。研究结果表明，处理后水平铁，锰都末检出，细菌指标符合国家饮用水标准。此法具有工艺简单，操作方便，反应速度快，去除率极高，不产生致癌物质ＴＨＭ、且能很好地除水中的异味及色度等优点。此法适用于各种生活给水系统。     

喷射溶气回流浮选工艺处理含油废水

采用喷射溶气回流浮选工艺处理含油废水，替代原来的全加压溶气浮选工艺，提高了浮选过程的处理效果，增强了系统的抗负荷冲击能力，浮选出水油含量由原来的〈４０ｍｇ／Ｌ降至〈２０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＣＯＤ由原来的〈１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ降至〈１１０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

Starch- polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked film— performance and biodegradation

Starch-PVOH cast films were prepared with and without crosslinking agent (hexamethoxymethylmelamine) in the absence of plasticizer. Moisture absorption in films without crosslinking agent at a low relative humidity was similar to that of PVOH and increased as the relative humidity increased. Films with crosslinking agent showed moisture absorption linearly proportional to the relative humidity. Significant improvement in resistance to water disintegration for crosslinked starch-PVOH films was observed. While the tensile strength decreased with increased relative humidity, crosslinking significantly improved the tensile strength. Increased PVOH content improved elongation of films even when the relative humidity was 80% or higher. Biodegradation studies revealed that the degradation rate was negatively correlated with the PVOH content in films and crosslinking generated more converged degradation curves. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable.     

回转窑煅烧石油焦清洁生产方案研究

在回转窑煅烧石油焦的过程中,大量的高温烟气和比较严重的粉尘是污染环境的主要因素。文章以清洁生产理论为依据,综合论述了回转窑煅烧石油焦全过程,并对污染处理和资源、能源综合利用等方案进行了研究。在我国,比较成熟的清洁生产技术是采用余热回收蒸汽和袋式除尘技术。回转窑产能大,机械化程度较高,投资少,建设速度快,所产生的污染物易控制,维修费用低,换料容易,是大规模煅烧焦厂家应优先采用的石油焦煅烧设备。     

当今重大突发灾害救助特点

2005年8月28日发生的飓风灾难——“卡特里娜”是自1969年以来墨西哥湾最猛烈的飓风,它以高达233公里的时速,横扫美国路易斯安那州等沿海地区,导致新奥尔良等地死亡者千余人,流离失所者之百万之多,直接经济损失数百亿美元。这是美国半个多世纪以来最严重的自然灾害。同样,因为南亚地区发生了几近毁灭性的里氏7．6到7．8级地震,2005年10 月8日,无疑也将在人类的灾害史册上留下重重的一笔。就在这一天,威力相当     

Modelling nitrogen fluxes at the landscape scale

The distribution and impacts of different nitrogen pollutants are inextricably linked. To understand the problem fully, the interactions between the different pollutants need to be taken into account. This is particularly important when it comes to abatement techniques, since measures to reduce emissions of one nitrogen pollutant can often lead to an increase in another. This project represents a step towards greater understanding of these issues by linking together new and existing nitrogen flux models into a larger framework. The modelling framework has been constructed and some of the nitrogen flows between fields, farms and the atmosphere have been modelled for a UK study area for typical farm management scenarios.     

Rapid amino acid cycling in arctic and antarctic soils

Amino acids constitute one of the largest inputs of organic nitrogen (N) to most polar soils and have been hypothesized to be important in regulating vegetational succession and productivity in Arctic ecosystems. Our understanding of amino acid cycling in these soils, however, is poor. The aim of this study was to investigate the size and rate of turnover of the amino acid pool in a range of Arctic and Antarctic soils. Our results indicate that in polar soils with either high or low ornithogenic inputs the amino acid pool is small in comparison to the inorganic N pool (NO^–₃ and NH⁺₄). The free amino acid pool constituted only a small proportion of the total dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) pool in these soils. Here we show that these low concentrations may be due to rapid use by the soil microbial community in both Arctic and Antarctic soils. The turnover of the amino acid pool in soil was extremely rapid, with a half-life ranging from 2 to 24 h, indicating that this N pool can be turned over many hundred times each summer when polar soils are frequently unfrozen. The implications of amino acids in N cycling and plant and microbial nutrition are discussed.