云南在西部大开发中的生态环境保护问题

生态环境的保护和建设是西部大开发云南行动计划总体构思的五大重点之一。为此 ,当前必须做好退耕还林 (草 )、提高抚仙湖、泸沽湖水质保护标准、加强滇池湿地系统的恢复重建和小城镇规划布局工作。     

钴氧化物纳米催化剂的制备及对N2O的分解

用微乳液法制备了表面经硬脂酸修饰的４种不同价态的钴氧化合物纳米微粒。初步摸索了合成了最佳条件，利用ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ、ＩＲ等测试手段对制备的钴纳粘催化剂的物相，粒子的形貌的粒度及钴物纳米微粒与表面活性剂有 机苈间的结合方进行了表征。结果表明制得的纳米微粒呈球状，粒度随热处理温度升高而增大，ＣＯＯ－与Ｃｏ（Ⅱ，Ⅲ）离子间以化学键相结合。利用流动法固定术反应器研究了钴氧化物纳米催化剂对Ｎ２Ｏ的催化分解活性     

利用藻类去除与回收工业废水中的金属

藻类对金属离子具有较强的富集能力，可作为生物吸附应用于工业污水中有毒、放射性金属的去除及稀有，贵重金属的回收，高效，经济、简便、选择性好，尤其适用于低浓度及一般方法不易去除的金属，是一种极有应用价值的传统方法的替代或辅助手段，藻类主要是通过生物吸附的途径去除及回收金属，多采用知细胞与固定化细胞两种富集体系。目前人类环境中金属污染仍相当严重，利用藻类富集这一生物工程技术处理含金属的工业污水，无论对于     

张八岭变质地体细碧石英角斑岩系岩石学和岩石化学

本文在1／5万张八岭幅、珠龙幅区调工作基础上．结合邻区有关资料．从张八岭变质地体的细碧－石英角斑岩系的岩石学、岩石化学及地球化学特征．讨论了细碧－石英角斑岩系的变质作用、岩石化学、原岩建造特点及其原始构造环境。     

我国建筑装饰材料的发展趋势

本文以现代的新型建筑装饰材料和人们未来的发展需要为依据，论述未来我国建筑装饰材料发展的趋势。     

采动对矿区生态环境的影响及治理对策

根据开采沉陷学的原理,对由于采动而引起的地质灾害及表现形式作了详细阐述,以及由此对矿区生态环境所产生的影响进行了分析评价,并提出了相应的治理措施。     

生活有机垃圾用作沼气发酵原料的参数与特性研究

对分类收集于城市生活的有机垃圾作为沼气发酵原料的相关参数与特性进行了研究。结果显示：来自对固定区域的城市生活有机垃圾，其总体TS（总固体）、VS（近发性固体）、COD含量相对较为稳定，在连续8个月的监测中，其含量的平均值分别为：10．17％、4．64％和8．17％；生活有机垃圾作为整体，在兼氧沤解预处理条件下常温发酵，每公斤TS具有0．389m^3或每公斤COD具有0．499m^3的产气潜力，产气特性表现为，投料2d后进入产气高潮，20d时的产气量达总产气量的90％以上。     

Atomic force microscopy study on the microtopography of natural organic matter and newly formed hydrous MnO2

To understand the water purification mechanism of potassium permanganate as a coagulation-aid during the preoxidation process, the microtopography of its reductive products, the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide and the aged hydrous manganese dioxide, was investigated. The morphology of natural organic matter (NOM) adsorbed by the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was also compared with that of NOM alone. By using the tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), the observation results show that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide possess a perforated sheet (with a thickness of 0–1.75 nm) as well as some spherical particle structures compared with the hydrous manganese dioxide with 2 h aging time, which demonstrated that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide had a large surface area and adsorption capacity. When 1 mmol/L newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was added, the microtopography of NOM molecules shifted from a loosely dispersed pancake shape (with adsorption height of 5–8.5 nm) to a densely dispersed and uniform spherical structure. These results provide a valid proof that it is the perfect adsorption capability of the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide that might result in the coagulation aid effect of potassium permanganate preoxidation. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(5): 945–949 [译自: 环境科学]     

计算冲裁间隙的实用公式

此文按照冲裁间隙的传统计算公式及经验数据,总结出了冲裁模合理间隙的实用计算公式。     

Evaluation of the validity of the US EPA's cancer risk assessment of arsenic for low-level exposures: a likelihood ratio approach

Skin cancers associated with ingesting of arsenic have been documented since the 19th century. A study in the southwestern coastal area of Taiwan where people drank well water containing arsenic is generally recognised as providing the best data available for quantifying the risk, and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) used these data to conduct a risk assessment of arsenic ingestion. However, the lowest exposure category in the Taiwan study included arsenic levels up to 290 µg L^–1, which is nearly six times higher than the current EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL), 50 µg L^–1. Therefore, the EPA risk assessment model extrapolated data on high-level exposures to generate risk estimates for low-level exposures. To evaluate the validity of this model, we conducted a quantitative review of epidemiological studies observing arsenic exposures below 290 µg L^–1. A ratio of the likelihood of the EPA model being inappropriate to that of it being appropriate was calculated for each study population as a measurement of the validity of the EPA model. Although existing human data on low-level exposures are limited, the review suggested that the EPA model is unlikely to be able to predict the risk of skin cancer accurately when the arsenic exposure level is between 170 and 270 µg L^–1.