What adverse health effects will environmental heavy metal co-exposure bring us: based on a biological monitoring study of sanitation workers

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To investigate the relationship between health effect profile and co-exposure to heavy metal, 254 sanitation workers from Guangzhou, China, were...     

State-wide increase in prenatal diagnosis of klinefelter syndrome on amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling: Impact of non-invasive prenatal testing for sex chromosome conditions

Background

To analyze population-based trends in the prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) since the availability of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT).

Methods

Retrospective state-wide data for all prenatal diagnoses performed <25 weeks gestation from 2005 to 2020 in Victoria, Australia. Non-invasive prenatal testing became locally available from 2012. The prenatal diagnosis rates of SCA as proportions of all prenatal diagnostic tests and all births were calculated. Statistical significance was assessed with the χ² test for trend, with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results

46,518 amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling were performed during the study period, detecting 617 SCAs. There was a significant increase in the rate of prenatal SCAs from 5.8 per 10,000 births in 2005 to 8.7 per 10,000 births in 2020 (p < 0.0001). This increase was predominantly due to 47,XXY cases, 91% of which were ascertained via positive NIPT for this condition in 2020. The prenatal diagnosis rate of 47,XXY significantly increased from 0.8 per 10,000 births in 2005 to 4.3 per 10,000 births in 2020 (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Screening for SCAs using NIPT has directly led to an increase in their prenatal diagnosis on a population-wide basis, especially 47,XXY. This has implications for clinician education, genetic counselling, and pediatric services.     

利用冬春气候条件发展长江中游大麦生产

大麦是世界四大谷类作物之一,以适应性强、抗塑性强、抗逆性好、用途广而在世界各大洲广为种植。二次世界大战后,随着经济发展,大麦产量由６０年代的９９７０．０万ｔ增加到１９９４年的１５８７２．８万Ｔ,长江 中游历来是我国大麦的主要种植之一,随着我国经济的发展,大麦生产经况愈下,成为我国进口量最大的农产品之一,其种植面积由１９６１年７７．９２７万ｈｍ＾２降为１９９５年的８．３４８万ｈｍ＾２,与世界经济越发     

酒钢焦化厂焦炉地下室通风降温技术改造探讨

介绍了酒钢焦化厂焦炉地下室通风降温技术改造成果。通过参数确定、方案对比,采用了通风降温技术措施,效桌明显,改善了职工的作业环境,保护了工人的身体健康。     

利用自养煤矸石砖技术治理铬渣初步研究

本研究通过焙烧试验 ,对利用自养煤矸石砖技术治理铬渣进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,在自养煤矸石砖的焙烧过程中 ,其中炭和自身热量能将铬渣中六价铬还原成 (三价铬 )。本研究确定了该铬渣治理方法工艺简单、成本低、解毒彻底、稳定性强 ,具有广泛的应用前景。     

利用含油碳酸钙污泥制备橡胶填充剂

本文以中原油田含油碳酸钙污泥为研究对象,根据高分子理论化学和橡胶工程理论,论证了油田含油碳酸钙污泥开发含油橡胶填充剂的理论基础。经粉体加工,将含油碳酸钙污泥制备成实验用橡胶填充剂。通过橡胶工程实验及产品测试,结果表明,与正在使用的普通碳酸钙和纳米碳酸钙填充剂相比,含油碳酸钙污泥制备的填充剂对橡胶制品的性能没有明显的影响;在分散性、橡胶网状分子的交联性、磨耗、回弹性等方面,较普通碳酸钙和纳米碳酸钙的填充效果稍优。     

酸化水体中的藻类研究

为研究酸沉降对水生生态系统的影响,1991年至1992年间,对地处我国重酸雨区域的重庆市郊6个水体中的藻类进行了比较研究,结果表明,绿藻门的种类最多,占种类总数的50％以上,其次是蓝藻或硅藻。藻类的细胞密度、生物量和叶绿素ａ,在酸化水体中（pH值<5.0）分别为23.3～49.9万个/L,0.59～1.05mg/L和0.65～3.01mg/m3;在轻度酸化水体（6.0＞pH值＞5.0）分别为433.9～680.0万个/L,6.6～21.75mg/L和14.66～25.19mg/m3。三项指标均随水体酸度的增加而减少。酸化水体中的藻类生长潜力（AGP）很弱,低pH值和可给态磷的不足是造成AGP低的主要限制因素。     

Climate Services and Communication for Development: The Role of Early Career Researchers in Advancing the Debate

Climate services entail providing timely and tailored climate information to end-users in order to facilitate and improve decision-making processes. Climate services are instrumental in socio-economic development and benefit substantially from interdisciplinary collaborations, particularly when including Early Career Researchers (ECRs). This commentary critically discusses deliberations from an interdisciplinary workshop involving ECRs from the United Kingdom and South Africa in 2017, to discuss issues in climate adaptation and climate services development in water resources, food security and agriculture. Outcomes from the discussions revolved around key issues somewhat marginalized within the broader climate service discourse. This commentary discusses what constitutes “effective” communication, framings (user framings, mental models, narratives, co-production) and ethical dimensions in developing climate services that can best serve end-users. It also reflects on how ECRs can help tackle these important thematic areas and advance the discourse on climate services.     

Labor productivity of small-scale agriculture and its influence on agricultural landscape conservation in mountainous areas in China: a case study of rice farming in Hani terraced region

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Small-scale agriculture (SA) is regarded as unsustainability because of its low benefit. To protect traditional agricultural landscapes like terraces...