真养产碱杆菌ATCC17699生产聚β－羟基丁酸摇瓶发酵条件的研究

在摇瓶条件下，首先对Ａ．ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ生产ＰＨＢ的一步法和二步法进行了比较研究，然后探讨了Ａ．ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ对不同碳源的利用情况，提出了较佳的ＰＨＢ发酵条件，并分析了ＰＨＢ的发酵过程曲线．研究结果表明，本研究采用的Ａ．ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ以一步法生产ＰＨＢ较为适宜，其对３种不同碳源的利用能力为：果糖＞丁酸＞葡萄糖；培养基中的丁酸浓度和ｐＨ值对ＰＨＢ发酵的生产指标和动力学参数有较大影响，其最佳值为１．８％和ｐＨ为０．８；最终发酵过程达到细胞于重ρ＝７．２ｇ·Ｌ－１，胞内ＰＨＢ含量ρ＝５．０ｇ·Ｌ－１，ω（ＰＨＢ）占细胞干重７２．２％．     

Fish consumption and plasma levels of organochlorines in a female population in Northern Norway

Increased cancer incidence and mortality have been found among humans exposed to high levels of organochlorines (OCs), either accidentally or as industrial workers. In order to assess levels of OCs in Norwegian women north of the Arctic Circle and validate self-reported fish consumption as a surrogate measure of organochlorine body burden, concentrations of seven polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners [IUPAC Nos. CB-105, CB-118, CB-138 (+ CB-163), CB-153, CB-180, CB-183, CB-187], beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), 2,2'-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and cis- and trains-chlordane (c-CD and t-CD) were examined in plasma samples of middle-aged women attending for health screening. Altogether, 47 of those invited (81%) completed a questionnaire and donated a suitable blood sample. The ability of questionnaire data to predict plasma levels of OCs was tested in linear and logistic regression analyses. Measured plasma concentrations were in the range reported for the general female population of other Western countries and the relative amounts of PCBs were similar to the circumpolar pattern. Intake of seagulls' eggs was a predictor of PCB congeners CB-138 (+CB-163) (p<0.05) and CB-153 (p<0.01). No other food category was positively associated with any compound. In contrast, duration of residence in the study municipality, body mass index (BMI) and lifetime lactation (months) were the best univariate predictors. There was an increase in beta-HCH, p,p'-DDE and most of the PCBs (p<0.05 for all) with increasing length of time a subject had lived in the municipality. BMI was a positive predictor for beta-HCH (OR=3.10, 95% CI 1.50-6.43, per 5 kgm(-2)), chlordane (OR=2.13, 95% CI 1.12-4.05, per 5 kgm(-2)) and CB-105 and CB-153 (p<0.05 for both). Lactation was negatively associated with all OCs (p<0.05), except chlordane and two of the PCB congeners. Time living in the municipality and lactation explained 34%, of the variance in concentration of total PCB in a multivariate model (p<0.001). The results indicate that regular consumption of fish (mostly lean species) from the Norwegian waters is not associated with an increased body burden of OCs (e.g., of importance to cancer development), although they confirm that lactation is the most important elimination route of these contaminants in women.     

海洋真核微藻粒级结构及其环境影响因素

采用高通量测序-分子鉴定分级技术于2018年对大长山岛临近海域微藻粒级结构进行了研究,同时探讨了叶绿素a分级法测算微藻粒级结构的误差.结果发现,叶绿素a分级法测算微微型藻类（< 3μm）误差高达82%,严重低估了小粒径微藻的组成,分子鉴定分级法测算春季小粒径微藻生物量组成平均为86%,夏季平均为52%,秋季平均为20%.春季优势种抑食金球藻生物量占41%,夏季优势种金牛微球藻生物量占21%,这2种微微型藻类会严重影响滤食性贝类正常摄食生长,养殖风险较高.总氮、总磷、溶解硅等环境因子和贝类摄食的下行效应影响着该海域微藻粒级结构的变化.     

养殖场沼液中雌激素排放特征及去除效果研究

为探究典型奶牛养殖场沼液中类固醇雌激素的排放特征,采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱（SPE-HPLC-MS/MS）分析方法,对重庆市某奶牛养殖场厌氧池和好氧池出水中类固醇雌激素进行夏、秋、冬3季连续监测.结果表明：类固醇雌激素（含雌酮;17α-雌二醇;17β-雌二醇;雌三醇;硫酸雌酮）在厌氧池和好氧池出水中总浓度分别在347.28~2117.65ng/L和10.75~1070.00ng/L之间,其中厌氧池出水以雌酮（E1）、17α-雌二醇（17α-E2）和17β-雌二醇（17β-E2）为主,好氧池出水以E1和17β-E2为主.研究显示：好氧处理对E1、17β-E2、17α-E2的平均去除率达85.70%、56.82%、57.32%,厌氧处理可有效去除硫酸雌酮（E1-3S）.在微生物作用下,厌氧和好氧处理均存在E1、17α-E2和17β-E2的相互转化,但雌三醇（E3）的低检出率则显示体系中雌激素转化为E3的比例较低.对雌激素活性（EEQ_95th）的评估显示厌氧-好氧处理后雌激素活性平均降低70.34%,但沼液的雌激素生态环境风险仍不可忽视,需持续观察及研究.     

环境图书的特点与管理对策

环境图书是以环境保护为主要内容的图书，其发展经历了上世纪七十年代的起步阶段，八十年代的发展阶段及九十年代以来的扩充阶段，具有综合性强、种类繁多、实用性强、发展迅速等特点。因此应采取集中管理，尽快借阅，外借与阅览并在，提供咨询服务等对策。     

Catalytic removal of phenol from gas streams by perovskite-type catalysts

Three perovskite-type catalysts prepared by citric acid method are applied to remove phenol from gas streams with the total flow rate of 300 mL/min, corresponding to a GHSV of10,000/hr. LaMnO_3 catalyst is first prepared and further partially substituted with Sr and Cu to prepare La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_3 and La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3, and catalytic activities and fundamental characteristics of these three catalysts are compared. The results show that phenol removal efficiency achieved with La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3 reaches 100% with the operating temperature of 200°C and the rate of mineralization at 300°C is up to 100%, while the phenol removal efficiencies achieved with La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_3 and LaMnO_3 are up to 100% with the operating temperature of 300°C and 400°C, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis shows that the addition of Sr and Cu increases the lattice oxygen of La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3, and further increases mobility or availability of lattice oxygen. The results indicate that La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3 has the best activity for phenol removal among three catalysts prepared and the catalytic activity of phenol oxidation is enhanced by the introduction of Sr and Cu into LaMnO_3. Apparent activation energy of 48 k J/mol is calculated by Mars–Van Krevelen Model for phenol oxidation with La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3 as catalyst.     

苍耳子的化学成分

苍耳子(Fructus Xanthii)是常用中药,主要用于慢性鼻炎的治疗,有一定的毒性.为明确苍耳子产生生物活性的物质基础,通过溶剂萃取、正、反相反复硅胶柱色谱及MCI柱色谱等方法,对苍耳子80%甲醇提取物进行分离纯化,用质谱、核磁共振谱等方法进行结构鉴定.从正丁醇萃取物中分离鉴定7个化合物:阿魏酸(1)、咖啡酸(2)、绿原酸(3)、4-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸甲酯(4)、6,7-二甲基-1,4-二氢-2,3-喹喔啉二酮(5)、咖啡酸胆碱酯(6)和4′-O-二氢红花菜豆酸钠盐-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7).其中,化合物4~7为首次从该植物中分离得到.图1参10     

城市森林大气PM2.5中水溶性无机离子沉降特征

森林被誉为"地球之肺",在防霾治污方面有其独特不可替代的作用,不同树种沉降PM_2.5的功能有很大差别.本文选取代表性城市森林——奥林匹克森林公园为研究对象,设置垂直监测塔观测大气PM_2.5的浓度垂直分布,以考察不同季节城市森林对PM_2.5中各组分的影响.在冬季、春季和夏季各采集PM_2.5样品,分析并计算PM_2.5中Na⁺、NH₄⁺、K⁺、Mg2⁺、Ca2⁺、Cl^-、NO₃^-和SO₄^2-等典型水溶性无机离子的浓度.结果表明,PM_2.5中水溶性无机离子总浓度呈规律性变化特征:冬季((56.90±27.38)μg·m-3)>春季((46.69±12.24)μg·m^-3)>夏季((23.16±8.75)μg·m^-3).其中SO₄^2-和NO₃^-浓度和占PM_2.5主要水溶性无机离子总浓度的50%以上.3个季节中,除冬季外,在春季和夏季,8种离子有明显的垂直方向上的沉降,夏季的沉降速率高于春季,但是春季由于大气颗粒物浓度高,沉降通量高于夏季.NO₃^-和SO₄^2-垂直方向的沉降量在所有可溶性无机离子中最高.植被密度、叶面积指数、气象条件等因素对于PM_2.5的沉降特征有明显影响.     

辽宁典型海域表层海水中在用化学农药浓度水平与潜在生态风险

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪分析了辽宁典型海域表层海水中14种在用化学农药（current use pesticides,CUPs）浓度水平,探讨了CUPs的可能来源,并评估其潜在生态风险.结果表明,辽宁典型海域表层海水中共检出7种CUPs,总浓度水平范围为16.7~176.1 ng·L^-1,高值区域主要位于河流入海口,辽东湾西部海域CUPs检出浓度普遍高于黄海东北部海域.除草剂阿特拉津（atrazine）和杀菌剂三唑醇（triadimenol）在检出7种CUPs中占比最高,贡献率分别为56.0%和34.5%.源解析表明,6种CUPs可能来源于农田退水等径流输入和生产化学农药的工厂废水排放等,水果种植业则可能是单一组分乙草胺（acetochlor）的重要贡献源.除草剂阿特拉津和乙草胺对研究海域微藻存在中等-高风险,7种CUPs对无脊椎动物和鱼类的风险均处于较低水平.     

硅藻土复合材料净化室内空气的实验研究

利用硅藻土复合材料对室内空气中三种主要污染物甲醛、氨和苯进行了净化研究,比较了普通硅藻土和硅藻土复合材料对三种污染物的去除效果。测试了硅藻土复合材料的平衡吸附量,及其在空气流速、净化时间和吸附剂量条件下对污染物去除率的影响。结果表明:硅藻土复合材料的净化性能优于普通硅藻土,对甲醛、氨和苯的平衡吸附量分别为132μg/g、95μg/g和87μg/g,最佳去除率分别为67%、91%和53%,吸附剂量在一定范围内改变对硅藻土复合材料的净化效率影响不大,而空气流速和净化时间存在最佳值。