长江（南京段）现代沉积物中重金属的分布特征及其形态研究

本文通过对比取样和重金属形态实验研究,对长江现代沉积物中重金属含量在平面上和剖面上的分布特征以及存在的形态进行了分析讨论.结果表明,长江南京段现代沉积物中Cu,Pb,Co,Ni已形成轻—中等程度污染,并且重金属元素随沉积物由老到新正以增加的趋势叠加沉积,叠加速率Cu为0.083μg·g~(-1)·cm~(-1),Pb为0.067μg·g~(-1)·cm~(-1),Co为0.05μg·g~(-1)·cm~(-1),Cr为0.217μg·g~(-1)·cm~(-1),Ni为0.067μg·g~(-1)·cm~(-1).叠加量主要为有效态部分.重金属在其有效态中的聚集能力如下:可交换态中:Pb>Co>Cu>Ni,Cr;碳酸盐态中:Cu>Cr>Pb,Co,Ni;Fe-Mn氧化物态中:Co>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cr;有机态中:Cu>Cr>Pb,Co,Ni.     

用马尔柯夫模型预测马尾松低效林改造恢复过程

运用马尔柯夫模型对四川盆地马尾松低效林改造恢复过程中林分各层次盖度、多样性指数和灌木层物种组成的变化趋势进行了预测．结果表明：马尔柯夫模型可适用于退化森林生态系统人工恢复重建过程的研究；四川盆地马尾松低效林可以自然恢复，但采用封育补植措施则能加快恢复进程．对马尔柯夫模型及预测结果进行了讨论．     

ABR-SBR工艺处理高浓度纤维板有机有毒废水

从工程实例介绍折排流式厌氧反应器 (ABR)工艺与间歇式活性污泥反应器 (SBR)工艺在处理干法纤维板废水处理中的应用 ,从中可以看出 ,ABR与SBR在处理高浓度有毒有机废水方面具有很好的应用前景     

腐殖酸树脂处理含Pb^2＋、CU^2＋、Ni^2＋废水的研究

利用泥炭为原料制备腐殖酸树脂.在动态条件下,研究了腐殖酸树脂对重金属离子Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Ni^2＋的吸附效果及吸附条件.同时探讨了腐殖酸树脂对重金属离子Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Ni^2＋的吸附与解吸再生机理,吸附机理研究表明,腐殖酸树脂对重金属离子Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Ni^2＋的主要吸附形式为离子交换吸附和络合吸附.结果表明,在废水pH值为5.0～7.0,Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Ni^2＋浓度分别为50 mg/L,经腐殖酸树脂处理,Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Ni^2＋去除率可达98%以上,且处理后废水近中性.含Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Ni^2＋电镀废水经腐殖酸树脂处理后,废水中Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Ni^2＋含量显著低于国家排放标准.     

选择性催化还原NO反应的研究进展

本文介绍了近年来选择性催化还原ＮＯ反应的研究进展状况，并对目前研究中存在的问题及今后研究的方向提出一些看法。     

Soil solution dynamics of Cu and Zn in a Cu- and Zn-polluted soil as influenced by gamma-irradiation and Cu-Zn interaction

A pot experiment was conducted to study soil solution dynamics of Cu and Zn in a Cu/Zn-polluted soil as influenced by gamma-irradiation and Cu-Zn interaction. A slightly acid sandy loam was amended with Cu and Zn (as nitrates) either singly or in combination (100 mg Cu and 150 mg Zn kg(-1) soil) and was then gamma-irradiated (10 kGy). Unamended and unirradiated controls were included, and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Forrester) was grown for 50 days. Soil solution samples obtained using soil moisture samplers immediately before transplantation and every ten days thereafter were used directly for determination of Cu, Zn, pH and absorbance at 360 nm (A360). Cu and Zn concentrations in the solution of metal-polluted soil changed with time and were affected by gamma-irradiation and metal interaction. gamma-Irradiation raised soil solution Cu substantially but generally decreased soil solution Zn. These trends were consistent with increased dissolved organic matter (A360) and solution pH after gamma-irradiation. Combined addition of Cu and Zn usually gave higher soil solution concentrations of Cu or Zn compared with single addition of Cu or Zn in gamma-irradiated and non-irradiated soils, indicating an interaction between Cu and Zn. Cu would have been organically complexed and consequently maintained a relatively high concentration in the soil solution under higher pH conditions. Zn tends to occur mainly as free ion forms in the soil solution and is therefore sensitive to changes in pH. The extent to which gamma-irradiation and metal interaction affected solubility and bioavailability of Cu and Zn was a function of time during plant growth. Studies on soil solution metal dynamics provide very useful information for understanding metal mobility and bioavailability.     

固定化细胞技术用于废水深度处理

固定化 (主要为固定化细胞 )技术 ,由于降解效率高 ,抗逆性强等优点 ,在废水处理中应用广泛。本文主要介绍了近年来固定化细胞技术在污水深度处理中的应用研究现状和发展前景。     

混凝法处理铝合金废水所得污泥的再利用研究

在分析中 ,对混凝法处理铝合金废水所得污泥再利用进行了研究 ,得到了适宜的操作条件。结果表明 ,用浓硫酸溶解污泥的最佳用量为 0 0 6— 0 0 8mL/g湿污泥 ,污泥的溶解率可达 80 % ,铝的溶出率也可达 90 %以上。把污泥的溶解液作混凝剂回用于废水的混凝处理也取得了良好的效果。     

粉煤灰-H2O2催化氧化水中对氨基苯酚的试验研究

研究了利用电厂粉煤灰作为非均相催化剂,催化H2O2氧化对氨基苯酚(PAP),讨论了各种因素对PAP去除率的影响.结果表明,在30℃,pH=1.5,H2O2和PAP的起始浓度分别为0.50 mol/L和0.10 mol/L,反应时间为100min,粉煤灰用量为6.0%,搅拌速度为1000r/min的条件下,粉煤灰具有良好的催化活性,能有效地催化H2O2氧化PAP,PAP的去除率可达81%左右.该法可用于预处理含PAP的工业废水.     

脱硫石膏农业利用研究进展与展望

概述火电厂脱硫石膏定义、生产过程和性质.简述了脱离石膏的工业利用,详述了脱离石膏对酸性和碱性土壤改良的现状和机理,并展望了脱硫石膏促进滩涂土植被演替的前景.