浅议战略环境评价

本文介绍了战略环境评价(SEA)的基本概念、在我国的研究进展、在美国的研究、发展和立法状况，以及在其它地区和组织的研究和实践，说明了开展战略环境评价，是环境影响评价体系自身发展与完善的要求，是新时期强化监督与管理的必然。     

关于建设项目竣工环境保护验收几点问题探讨

在开展建设项目自主验收过程中,发现建设项目存在产能设计、环保设施风量不合理及建设内容存在重大变动等问题。针对存在问题提出一些折中解决方案,以期能够给验收工作继续开展提供解决思路,同时期望从业者能够识别焦点问题,能够全过程规范环评设计、审批及竣工环保验收工作。     

Removal of bentazone from micro-polluted water using MIEX resin: Kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanism

The contamination of surface and ground water by bentazone has attracted increasing global concern in recent years. We conducted a detailed investigation using MIEX resin to eliminate bentazone from waters. Batch experiments were carried out to evaluate the e ect of process parameters, such as retention time, resin amount, and initial pesticide concentration, on removal e ciency of bentazone. Results showed the sorption process was fast and bentazone could be e ciently removed in 30 minutes. The kinetic process of bentazone sorption on MIEX resin was well described by pseudo second-order model and intraparticle di usion was the rate controlling step. The MIEX resin possessed the highest sorption capacity of 0.2656 mmol/mL for bentazone according to Langmuir fitting. Bentazone is a hydrophobic ionizable organic compound, and both ionic charge and hydrophobic aromatic structure governed the sorption characteristics on MIEX resin. The di erent removal e ciencies of ionic and non-ionic pesticides, combined with the charge balance equations of bentazone, SO4 2??, NO3?? and Cl??, indicated that removal of bentazone using MIEX resin occurred primarily via ion exchange.     

线路板工业废水处理工程实践

阐述了运用分质、分类进行物化和生化的方法处理线路板工业废水的工程实例。运行结果表明,该工艺切实可行,使种类复杂的线路板工业废水处理达到了《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）一级排放标准。     

Histopathological and biochemical alternations of the heart induced by acute cadmium exposure in the freshwater crab Sinopotamon yangtsekiense

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element in water. Its toxicity has been attributed to oxidative stress mediated by free radicals. Here we investigated the effects of Cd on the histopathology, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation of crustacean heart. The freshwater crabs Sinopotamon yangtsekiense were exposed to different concentrations of Cd for 1, 3, 5 and 7 d. After exposure, histological abnormalities were discovered, including myocardial edema, vacuolar and vitreous degeneration, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Additionally, alterations in nuclei, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as myofibrils were observed. Meanwhile, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly increased after Cd exposure. Catalase (CAT) activity was only increased in the group exposed to 14.50 mg L⁻¹ Cd on day 5 and decreased with increasing Cd concentration and exposure time. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was increased in groups treated with 29.00, 58.00 and 116.00 mg L⁻¹ on days 1 and 3, and decreased thereafter. Besides, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased after 3 d of Cd exposure at all the indicated concentrations. These results showed that acute Cd exposure led to harmful effects on the histology of crab heart, which are most likely linked to Cd-induced oxidative stress.     

Leaching variations of heavy metals in chelator-assisted phytoextraction by Zea mays L. exposed to acid rainfall

Chelant-enhanced phytoextraction method has been put forward as an effective soil remediation method, whereas the heavy metal leaching could not be ignored. In this study, a cropping-leaching experiment, using soil columns, was applied to study the metal leaching variations during assisted phytoextraction of Cd- and Pb-polluted soils, using seedlings of Zea mays, applying three different chelators (EDTA, EDDS, and rhamnolipid), and artificial rainfall (acid rainfall or normal rainfall). It showed that artificial rainfall, especially artificial acid rain, after chelator application led to the increase of heavy metals in the leaching solution. EDTA increased both Cd and Pb concentrations in the leaching solution, obviously, whereas EDDS and rhamnolipid increased Cd concentration but not Pb. The amount of Cd and Pb decreased as the leaching solution increased, the patterns as well matched LRMs (linear regression models), with R-square (R ²) higher than 90 and 82% for Cd and Pb, respectively. The maximum cumulative Cd and Pb in the leaching solutions were 18.44 and 16.68%, respectively, which was amended by EDTA and acid rainwater (pH 4.5), and followed by EDDS (pH 4.5), EDDS (pH 6.5), rhamnolipid (0.5 g kg⁻¹ soil, pH 4.5), and rhamnolipid (pH 6.5).

     

污水处理厂污泥处理处置过程中的恶臭污染特征与恶臭物质减排控制措施

随着污水处理厂规模的不断扩大,污泥产量持续增加。虽然“重水轻泥”现象已有所改变,但污泥处理处置技术仍面临各种挑战。污泥处理处置过程中的恶臭污染会对周围环境和人群健康造成不利影响,极易引发民众投诉,是提高污泥处理效率、实现污泥资源化利用的难点之一。污泥释放的恶臭物质组分复杂,且影响污泥恶臭释放的因素较多,目前针对污泥处理处置过程中恶臭产生机制和释放规律的研究尚不深入,导致污泥控臭除臭处理的效果仍不理想。因此,在归纳总结污泥常见恶臭物质及其产生来源的基础上,详细阐述了不同处理处置方式下污泥的恶臭污染特征与产生机制,从源头减排、过程控制、末端治理、排放管理4个方面评述了污泥恶臭减排控制措施的原理和发展前景,讨论了污泥恶臭污染防治的复杂性和挑战,以期为污泥恶臭污染防控提供参考。     

一组优势菌对活性染料的脱色研究

本文作者从成功运用"优势菌处理工业废水技术”的某织染公司水解池中取得10株纯菌.为了解该系统保持稳定脱色效果的原因,对分离到的10株纯菌进行进一步的脱色研究.分别对10株纯菌的完整细胞及其细胞破碎液进行活性染料的脱色实验,结果发现这10株菌均具有较高脱色率,且其混合菌群完整细胞的脱色效果优于各单株菌.混合菌群及各单株菌破碎细胞脱色实验结果与完整细胞的结果一致.     

空气中挥发性有机物监测技术的研究进展

讨论了空气中挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的监测分析方法研究进展。重点介绍了空气中VOCs的采集、分析和测定；简要叙述了样品前处理的新方法--固相微萃取法（SPME）与其它前处理方法的研究概况。     

电子束半干法烟气净化技术

电子束烟气净化技术由于能够同时脱除烟气中的SO2 和NOx 而得到世界各国环保界的重视。传统的电子束烟气净化技术在工业应用中存在能耗高、副产品黏结严重、工作可靠性低等问题。新型电子束半干法烟气净化技术解决了传统工艺在工业化应用中存在的问题 ,可以在较小的辐照剂量下获得更为理想的烟气净化效果 ,提高了系统的工作可靠性 ,是一项工业应用前景十分广阔的环保技术。