一种新型实用的用户自行配气实验装置

通过实验设计了一套用户自配气实验装置，对于无固定气源条件下配制较为稳定浓度的ＮＯ气流提供了一种新的方法。     

厌氧酸化—好氧法处理高浓度洗毛废水尾浆试验研究

采用厌氧酸化－好氧工艺对高浓度洗毛废水尾浆进行处理。试验结果表明，对于ＣＯＤ为２５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的原废水，经１ｄ的厌氧酸化和１ｄ的二段串联的间歇活性污泥法好氧曝气处理，ＣＯＤ和ＢＯＤ５的总去除率分别达到９２％和９９％以上，生化处理出水ＣＯＤ为１５００～２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＢＯＤ５＜６０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

若尔盖高原沼泽生态环境及其合理开发的研究

若尔盖高原位于青藏高原的东北隅,西临巴颜喀拉山,东抵岷山,北起西倾山,南至邛崃山,是一块完整的丘状高原,也是我国最大的泥炭沼泽分布区之一。本文所述的范围包括若尔盖、红原、阿坝和玛曲等四县,流域上属黄河水系,泥炭沼泽面积达4600余km²。其中若尔盖和红原两县的泥炭沼泽,在60年代曾做过调查,70年代,地质部门在水文勘探中也曾对这里的泥炭沼泽有所研究。为进一步研究本区的生态环境和自然资源,1982年起,我们在横断山沼泽泥炭调查中,又对上述四个县连续进行了四年泥炭沼泽考察。本文是这次考察总结的一部分。     

小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)与高岭土在实验条件下的凝聚沉降行为研究

用比浊法研究了小球藻与高岭土在实验条件下的凝聚沉降行为。结果表明，小球藻与高岭土的凝聚沉降是受颗粒表面理化作用力控制的过程。环境条件通过改变颗粒间的理化作用，在不同程度上促进或抑制颗粒凝聚沉降，根据颗粒凝聚沉降的特点，可将粘土用于水污染治理。     

印染废水处理工艺改进的应用研究

通过对湘潭纺织厂废水处理工艺存在的问题进行研究和分析 ,对其废水处理工艺进行了改进。采用“二级生物接触氧化 砂滤 活性生物炭”工艺后 ,废水经其处理 ,水质各项指标超过国家一级排放标准 ,水质可以完全回收利用 ,废水处理成本下降 1 3左右。     

Nutrients can enhance phytoremediation of copper-polluted soil by Indian mustard

An orthogonally designed experiment was conducted to study the single and combined effects of N, P and K on phytoremediation of Cu-polluted soil by Indian mustard. Addition of fertilizer N and P significantly increased Indian mustard shoot yield. Two high treatments combined with N resulted in the highest yields, followed by low-P combined with N. In contrast, high P with no N gave no yield increase and K had no effect on yield of Indian mustard. Nitrogen and P increased the amount of chlorophyll in the leaves, indicating that the yield increases were due to enhanced photosynthesis. Nitrogen application had no effect on plant Cu concentrations but addition of P slightly decreased plant Cu concentrations, likely a dilution effect resulting from the increase in yield. Among the treatments, N and P applied at 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) respectively with no K application resulted in the highest Cu uptake. Thus, a combination of low N and high P produced a yield increase in Indian mustard that was more than adequate to compensate for a slight decrease in Cu concentration, resulting in the highest Cu removal from the contaminated soil.     

Studies on the causes of forest decline in Nanshan,Chongqing

Nanshan is located in the south suburb of Chongqing, Sichuan province in China. It is about 10 km from the city of Chongqing. There are about 2000 ha of forest, mainly Masson pines (Pinus massoniana Lamb) which have exhibited decline since the beginning of the 1980s. Surveys of stands estimated that 85% of Masson pines are injured. Symptomology of Masson pines includes tip necrosis of needles, thin crown, reduced needle length, premature abscission, branch dieback, reduced radial growth. The foliage of broadleaf treesRobinia pseudoacacia L,Quercus dentata Thunb,Eucalyptus robusta Sm,Erythrina variegata var. orientalis (L) Merr,Faulownia fortunei (Seem) Hemsl,Rosa chinensis Jacq, also displayed necrotic lesions, both marginal and interveinous, most are brown or bleached. Foliage symptoms are similar to that produced in laboratory fumigation experiments with gaseous air pollutants SO₂ or HF. The foliage injury intensity is related to the distance from the city. Forest in some localities furthest from the city exhibit approximately normal growth.Three monitoring sites had been selected in Nanshan forest area. At two sites pine trees were severely damaged. At another site they showed little damage. Atmospheric SO₂ and fluoride concentrations had been examined. The average value of SO₂ and fluoride concentrations at the two former sites were much higher than that at the latter site. The injury intensity was consistent with an increase in the concentrations of SO₂ and fluoride. The sulphur and fluoride contents of tree leaves were also monitored. Sulphur contents of pine needles at the two former sites were generally more than that at the latter. The same tendency is observed in broadleaf trees. Higher levels of fluoride had been found in foliage of injured trees compared to unijured trees.Chongqing is also an acid rain region. The yearly average pH value of precipitation approaches to 4.0, and the frequency 100%. The pH values of acid rain at the three sites in Nanshan region are 4.17, 4.20, and 4.38 respectively. The difference is not significant. Also no significant difference in soil pH among the three sites is observed. It is suggested that acid rain and the acidification of soil are not implicated in the decline of Masson pines in Nanshan region.     

新安江水体DO浓度偏低原因分析

对新安江水体（含新安江、千岛湖）ＤＯ浓度偏低进行了研究分析，结果表明新安江水电站的建造是主要影响因素．     

Water Environmental Degradation of the Heihe River Basin in Arid Northwestern China

Water environmental degradation is a major issue in the Heihe River Basin belonging to the inland river basin of temperate arid zone in northwestern China. Mankind’s activities, such as dense population and heavy dependence on irrigated agriculture, place immense pressure on available and limited water resources during the last century, especially the recent five decades. An investigation on the water environmental degradation in the Heihe River Basin and analysis of its causation were conducted. The results indicated that water environmental changes in the whole basin were tremendous mostly in the middle reaches, which reflected in surface water runoff change, decline of groundwater table and degeneration of surface water and groundwater quality. Some new forms of management based on traditional and scientific knowledge must be introduced to solve problems of water environmental degradation in the Heihe River Basin.     

大连近海沉积物多环芳烃污染特征及源解析

本文对大连近海海域15个表层沉积物样品中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)污染特征及来源进行研究。结果表明,沉积物中16PAHs总浓度为30.0410-9~89.2410-9,平均值为50.8410-9,其中工业区显著高于城市地区(p0.05),极显著高于农村地区(p0.01)。沉积物中PAHs含量与总有机碳(TOC)含量间存在显著正相关性(p0.05),表明沉积物有机质含量是影响PAHs含量的主要因素。主成分分析得出,大连近海海域PAHs污染源为石油泄漏造成的石油源、生物质及化石燃料燃烧形成的燃烧源和燃油燃烧形成的交通源。