碱厂白泥在电厂烟气脱硫中的工业化实践

白泥治理和综合利用是氨碱厂的一大技术难题。白泥用于电厂烟气脱硫既可以消化废弃物白泥,又可以削减二氧化硫的排放,可实现"以废治废",并可取得环境效益和经济效益的双赢。本文在对白泥的产生、性状以及青岛碱厂白泥成分和粒度特征进行分析的基础上,对比了国内外制碱企业对于白泥的处置方法,并在华电青岛发电有限公司1#发电机组进行了白泥烟气脱硫工业化试验,结果表明:白泥脱硫效率大幅度提高,稳定在90%以上;同时也减少了电厂海水和曝气风机的使用,达到了节能减排的效果。     

净化含氮有机污染物的催化剂及工艺

介绍了两种催化剂PCN-1,PCN-2型对含氮有机物如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、正丁胺、环己胺、苯胺、硝基苯等深度氧化的活性及控NO_x能力。实验结果表明,由PCN-1、PCN构成的双催化剂处理DMF或DMF与甲苯、DMF与甲乙酮的混合蒸气,其氧化活性和控NO_x能力比单一催化剂为好。在240—300℃温度范围即可完全氧化,控NO_x率达98％以上,净化气无色无臭。本工艺可用于PU合成革生产线烘道排气的净化处理。     

贵州红枫湖水体溶解有机质的剖面特征和季节变化

溶解有机氮(dissolved organic nitrogen,DON)与溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)相结合在湖泊水体溶解有机质(dissolved organic matter,DOM)的研究中少有报道.本研究对贵州喀斯特地区高原性湖泊———红枫湖水体DOC和DON的含量进行了近2a的测定,研究了DOM的剖面特征和季节变化,并探讨了DOM垂向分布和季节变化的影响因素.结果表明,红枫湖DOC的浓度范围为1.60～3.08 mg·L^-1,DON的浓度范围为0.10～0.37 mg·L^-1.在湖水混合期表层和底层的DOC和DON的浓度基本一致,在湖水分层期DOC和DON浓度表现出从表层往底层减小的趋势.表层水体(0～2m或3m)DOC的浓度在春末夏初或夏季达到最大,DON的浓度在春末夏初稍高于其它月份.结合叶绿素和降雨的数据分析认为,藻类活动和陆源输入直接导致了表层水体DOM的季节变化模式.DOM的C/N在一般情况下向下增大,但在夏季南湖的垂向水柱上,DOC和DON的浓度在12m以下增大,C/N从12m的18.1下降为14m的14.9,并向下持续减小,这很有可能是颗粒态有机质发生降解释放出C/N较低的DOM,成为水体内DOM的一个内源.     

C/P对EBPR系统PAOs与GAOs竞争及PHAs代谢过程影响研究

以富含聚磷菌(PAOs)活性污泥为基础,基于FISH技术研究了SBR工艺不同C/P(25∶1、20∶1、15∶1和10∶1)对EBPR系统中功能菌变化特征与微生物胞内聚合物(PHAs)代谢过程的影响.结果表明,经过10 d运行处理,C/P分别为25∶1、20∶1和15∶1系统磷酸盐去除率88%,而C/P为10∶1系统磷酸盐的去除率为0%.FISH检测结果显示,随着C/P从25∶1下降到10∶1,EBPR系统中PAOs的含量相应从(76.42±1.24)%减少到(10.40±0.97)%,而聚糖菌(GAOs)则从(16.36±3.41)%增加到(34.25±2.59)%.在厌氧段,不同C/P条件下EBPR系统中PHB和PHV的合成动力学系数大小分别为K25∶1K20∶1K15∶1K10∶1和K15∶1K20∶1K25∶1K10∶1.随着C/P从25∶1下降到10∶1,合成PHB在PHAs中所占的比例从85%下降到24%,而PHV则从15%上升到76%;在好氧段,不同C/P系统消耗PHB和PHV的动力学系数大小均为K20∶1K25∶1K15∶1K10∶1,且C/P为25∶1、20∶1和15∶1时系统消耗主要成分是PHB(占PHAs 71%～75%),而C/P为10∶1时系统消耗主要成分是PHV(占PHAs 71%).由此表明,随着C/P的降低,EBPR系统内GAOs增加而PAOs减少,从而导致系统内PHB合成与消耗比例逐渐减少,而PHV合成与消耗比例逐渐增加.     

Quinone-mediated decolorization of sulfonated azo dyes by cells and cell extracts from Sphingomonas xenophaga

The effects of various quinone compounds on the decolorization rates of sulfonated azo dyes by Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY were investigated. The results showed that anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) was the most effective redox mediator and AQS reduction was the rate-limited step of AQS-mediated decolorization of sulfonated azo dyes. Based on AQS biological toxicity tests, it was assumed that AQS might enter the cells to kill them. In the cytoplasmic extracts from strain QYY, AQS effectively increased decolorization rates of sulfonated azo dyes than other quinone compounds. In addition, we found a NADH/FMN-dependent AQS reductase using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native-PAGE).     

沉积物间隙水的几种制备方法

间隙水的制备对研究沉积和中物质的动力学非常重要。间隙水的制备方法有离心法、压榨法、渗析法、吸气引液法等，这些方法各有利弊。本文对这些方法分别进行了了综合比较。     

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas sp. JM2 isolated from active sewage sludge of chemical plant

It is important to screen strains that can decompose polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) completely and rapidly with good adaptability for bioremediation in a local area. A bacterial strain JM2, which uses phenanthrene as its sole carbon source, was isolated from the active sewage sludge from a chemical plant in Jilin, China and identified as Pseudomonas based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Although the optimal growth conditions were determined to be pH 6.0 and 37℃, JM2 showed a broad pH and temperature profile. At pH 4.5 and 9.3, JM2 could degrade more than 40% of fluorene and phenanthrene (50 mg/L each) within 4 days. In addition, when the temperature was as low as 4℃, JM2 could degrade up to 24% fluorene and 12% phenanthrene. This showed the potential for JM2 to be applied in bioremediation over winter or in cold regions. Moreover, a nutrient augmentation study showed that adding formate into media could promote PAH degradation, while the supplement of salicylate had an inhibitive effect. Furthermore, in a metabolic pathway study, salicylate, phthalic acid, and 9-fluorenone were detected during the degradation of fluorene or phenanthrene. In conclusion, Pseudomonas sp. JM2 is a high performance strain in the degradation of fluorene and phenanthrene under extreme pH and temperature conditions. It might be useful in the bioremediation of PAHs.     

防止井下作业污染环境的工艺技术应用

分析了井下作业施工对环境造成污染的因素，介绍江苏油田在井下作业过程中进行污染防治的措施及其相关配套新工艺、新技术的应用和效果。     

农田施用水葫芦对水稻氮素吸收利用的影响

以粳稻品种运2645为供试材料,设计农田施用水葫芦(将晒干水葫芦按4 500 kg·hm-2农田施用)、不施用水葫芦处理和施N量为120 kg·hm-2(LN)、240 kg·hm-2(NN)处理,研究其对水稻不同生育时期N素含量、N素吸收、N素分配和N素利用效率的影响.结果表明:①农田施用水葫芦使水稻不同生育时期植株...     

上海城市地表灰尘重金属污染累积过程与影响因素

选择上海中心城区典型样点开展地表灰尘重金属累积过程的实证研究.结果表明,交通区地表灰尘负荷平均值为12.4 g/m,范围为5.04 ～23.2 g/m;文教区道路灰尘负荷为6.1g/m,范围为3.8～10.0 g/m.持续时间长、强度较大的降雨对颗粒物负荷有明显的削减作用,而小雨则会使其总量有所增加,土地利用类型和道路交通行为是影响地表灰尘大气环境“源-汇”效应的重要因素.在干期累积过程中,随着无雨天数的增加,地表灰尘负荷随之升高,同时颗粒物粒径逐渐增大.在交通流量较高的地区,灰尘重金属浓度呈现降低趋势,表现出对大气悬浮颗粒物的“源”效应,而交通流量相对较低的区域灰尘重金属浓度则有所升高,显示出其对大气悬浮物的"汇"效应.干期累积过程中,污染物负荷变化取决于灰尘负荷和污染物浓度两者的共同作用,呈现出S型增长趋势,降雨过后10 d内,污染负荷增长缓慢,10～15 d迅速增加,15 d后,污染负荷增长速率减小,颗粒物与大气悬浮物交换保持平衡状态.