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291.
硅藻土作为一种特殊的黏性土,在分布上具有一定的区域性,目前针对该类型土的工程特性以及硅藻土地区灌注桩成孔方法的研究都较少。以杭绍台高铁项目为工程依托,为了研究硅藻土层中灌注桩的成孔方法,开展了灌注桩成孔方法现场试验;分别采用冲击锤锤击成孔、旋挖干钻成孔和旋挖泥浆护壁成孔三种方法进行施工,对三种方法的成孔质量进行分析对比。研究结果表明:在硅藻土地区施工灌注桩,旋挖干钻成孔工艺施工速度较快,效率高,桩长、桩径、桩位偏差和垂直度均能满足设计要求,成孔后孔壁稳定性好,成孔质量更为可靠;冲击锤法成孔,成孔速度较慢,且存在桩孔扩径现象;旋挖泥浆护壁法成孔后平稳性较差,波动性较大,且存在局部塌孔现象,成孔效果较差。因此建议硅藻土地段优先考虑采用旋挖干钻法施工桥梁灌注桩。  相似文献   
292.
    
Equalizing preprimary education is vital for promoting social welfare and aligns with the UN's 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 4.2 which advocates equal and adequate access to quality preprimary education for all children. We developed an accessibility-based analysis framework to assess the SDG 4.2 progress at local scale, providing improved policy recommendations for local governments by considering spatiality, equality, and adequacy across different spatial scales. The Huff–G2SFCA model was used at the grid scale to capture progress and spatial heterogeneity in preprimary education facilities and parental preferences. We used the Gini coefficient to measure the resource distribution equality at the subdistrict and district scales. The adequacy of resources across districts was evaluated using the supply–demand ratio. Our findings in Nanjing highlight challenges due to inadequate and unequal allocation of preprimary education resources, hindering SDG 4.2 advancement. Approximately 8% of children face difficulties accessing quality preprimary education, and a Gini coefficient of 0.52 indicating educational inequality. Despite positive progress in Nanjing's central urban area, suburban, and rural regions, especially the Gaochun and Lishui Districts, face significant challenges of preprimary education resource adequacy and equality in their pursuit of SDG 4.2.  相似文献   
293.
胺碘酮(amiodarone)是临床上广泛使用的第三类抗心律失常药物,临床研究已经发现长期服用胺碘酮会对人体造成副作用,包括肝毒性。鉴于人体与共生微生物形成了一个复杂的共生生态系统,口服胺碘酮对机体的影响,从药物吸收到直接或间接的药物作用,反映了药物与机体以及共生生态系统相互作用的结果。然而,胺碘酮对肝功能的影响及其潜在机制仍然知之甚少。本研究为探讨胺碘酮对肝脏的影响,建立了胺碘酮诱导小鼠模型,采用Lieber-Decarli液体饲料,分别设置200 mg·kg-1的低剂量组和600 mg·kg-1的高剂量组。研究发现胺碘酮处理28 d后,诱发小鼠肝脏转录谱发生改变,与对照组相比,胺碘酮处理组有1 634个差异基因表达显著变化,差异基因富集的KEGG信号通路包括PPAR信号通路、脂肪酸代谢信号通路、胆汁酸分泌、代谢外源物质的细胞色素P450信号通路等。此外,胺碘酮处理组肝脏结构和功能受到损伤,组织病理学分析显示肝脏出现微泡型脂肪肝,脂质新生相关的基因AcacaFasnSrebf1表达上调。血清生化检测结果表明丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平升高,并有浓度依赖性。进一步研究发现胺碘酮引起小鼠肝脏免疫紊乱,促发Th17细胞和Th1细胞比例上调,相应的炎症因子TNF-αTGF-β1IL-17等也显著增加。胺碘酮也诱发脾脏Treg细胞比例下调,CD8阳性细胞比例上调。由此可知,胺碘酮可以诱导小鼠肝脏转录组发生改变,同时造成肝毒性,诱发小鼠自身免疫紊乱,进一步引发炎症反应。  相似文献   
294.
    
Luo  Dan  Wang  Luyao  Nan  Hongyan  Cao  Yijun  Wang  Hui  Kumar  Thakur Vijay  Wang  Chongqing 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(1):497-524
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Phosphorus is essential element for agricultural production, yet phosphorus ore resources are non-renewable and become depleted. Moreover, phosphate release from...  相似文献   
295.
    
● pz-UiO-66 was synthesized facilely by a solvothermal method. ● Efficient capture of copper from highly acidic solution was achieved by pz-UiO-66. ● pz-UiO-66 exhibited excellent selectivity and capacity for copper capture. ● Pyrazine-N in pz-UiO-66 was shown to be the dominant adsorption site. The selective capture of copper from strongly acidic solutions is of vital importance from the perspective of sustainable development and environmental protection. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted the interest of many scholars for adsorption due to their fascinating physicochemical characteristics, including adjustable structure, strong stability and porosity. Herein, pz-UiO-66 containing a pyrazine structure is successfully synthesized for the efficient separation of copper from strongly acidic conditions. Selective copper removal at low pH values is accomplished by using this material that is not available in previously reported metal–organic frameworks. Furthermore, the material exhibits excellent adsorption capacity, with a theoretical maximum copper uptake of 247 mg/g. As proven by XPS and FT-IR analysis, the coordination of pyrazine nitrogen atoms with copper ions is the dominant adsorption mechanism of copper by pz-UiO-66. This work provides an opportunity for efficient and selective copper removal under strongly acidic conditions, and promises extensive application prospects for the removal of copper in the treatment for acid metallurgical wastewater.  相似文献   
296.
页岩气的商业化开采虽然可以缓解油气资源短缺问题,满足经济发展需求,但不能忽视页岩气开采可能带来的巨大环境问题。为了探究页岩气开采产生的压裂返排液对农作物生长的影响,以冬小麦为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,探究了小麦3个关键生育期(播种期、分蘖期和抽穗期)施入压裂返排液对小麦生长及品质的影响。结果表明,随着返排液浓度升高,小麦株高、生物量、产量及产量构成因子总体呈下降趋势,小麦籽粒粗蛋白及矿质元素含量呈增长趋势,播种期旗叶叶面积呈增长趋势,分蘖期及抽穗期无显著变化。播种期、分蘖期和抽穗期施入返排液浓度分别≥50、≥50和≥150 g·kg-1时,小麦株高显著降低;返排液浓度分别≥200、≥150和≥100 g·kg-1时,小麦产量及其构成因子明显降低;返排液浓度分别≥50、≥100和≥100 g·kg-1时,小麦籽粒品质显著升高。综上,在播种期、分蘖期和抽穗期返排液泄漏进入农田土壤的浓度分别<200、<150和<100 g·kg-1时,小麦生长发育不会受到明显抑制作用,相反的,小麦的营养品质有一定的提升;返排液泄漏浓度在3个时期分别≥350、≥300和≥200 g·kg-1时,小麦无法正常生长最终死亡。  相似文献   
297.
Because of its significant toxicological effects on the environment and human health,arsenic(As) is a major global issue.In this study,an Fe-based metal-organic framework(MOF)(Materials of Institut Lavoisier:MIL-100(Fe)) which was impregnated with reduced graphene oxide(rGO) by using a simple hydrothermal method and coated with birnessitetype manganese oxide(δ-MnO_2) using the one-pot reaction process(MIL-100(Fe)/rGO/δ-MnO_2 nanocomposites) was synthesized and applied successfully in As removal.The removal efficiency was rapid,the equilibrium was achieved in 40 min and 120 min for As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ),respectively,at a level of 5 mg/L.The maximum adsorption capacities of As(Ⅲ) and As(Ⅴ) at pH 2 were 192.67 mg/g and 162.07 mg/g,respectively.The adsorbent revealed high stability in pH range 2-9 and saturated adsorbent can be fully regenerated at least five runs.The adsorption process can be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir monolayer adsorption.The adsorption mechanisms consisted of electrostatic interaction,oxidation and inner sphere surface complexation.  相似文献   
298.
    
• An in situ electron-induced deNOx process with CNT activated by DBD was achieved. • Carbon atoms on CNT surface were verified to be excited by plasma in DBD-CNT system. • Reactions between NOx and excited C result in synergistic effect of DBD-CNT system. In this study, a new in situ electron-induced process is presented with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a reduction agent activated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) for nitrogen oxide (NOx) abatement at low temperature (<407 K). Compared with a single DBD system and a DBD system with activated carbon (DBD-AC), a DBD system with carbon nanotubes (DBD-CNT) showed a significant promotion of NOx removal efficiency and N2 selectivity. Although the O2 content was 10%, the NOx conversion and N2 selectivity in the DBD-CNT system still reached 64.9% and 81.9% at a specific input energy (SIE) of 1424 J/L, and these values decreased to 16.8%, 31.9% and 43.2%, 62.3% in the single DBD system and the DBD-AC system, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to investigate surface changes in the CNTs after activation by DBD to explore the NOx reduction abatement mechanism of this new process. Furthermore, the outlet gas components were also observed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to help reveal the NOx reduction mechanism. Experimental results verified that carbon atoms excited by DBD and the structure of CNTs contributed to the synergistic activity of the DBD-CNT system. The new deNOx process was accomplished through in situ heterogenetic reduction reactions between the NOx and carbon atoms activated by the plasma on the CNTs. In addition, further results indicated that the new deNOx process exhibited acceptable SO2 tolerance and water resistance.  相似文献   
299.
    
Previous assessments of the effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) focused primarily on changes in human pressure over time and did not consider the different human-pressure baselines of PAs, thereby potentially over- or underestimating PA effectiveness. We developed a framework that considers both human-pressure baseline and change in human pressure over time and assessed the effectiveness of 338 PAs in China from 2010 to 2020. The initial state of human pressure on PAs was taken as the baseline, and changes in human pressure index (HPI) were further analyzed under different baselines. We used the random forest models to identify the management measures that most improved effectiveness in resisting human pressure for the PAs with different baselines. Finally, the relationships between the changes in the HPI and the changes in natural ecosystems in PAs were analyzed with different baselines. Of PAs with low HPI baselines, medium HPI baselines, and high HPI baselines, 76.92% (n=150), 11.11% (n=12), and 22.86% (n=8) , respectively, showed positive effects in resisting human pressure. Overall, ignoring human-pressure baselines somewhat underestimated the positive effects of PAs, especially for those with low initial human pressure. For PAs with different initial human pressures, different management measures should be taken to improve effectiveness and reduce threats to natural ecosystems. We believe our framework is useful for assessing the effectiveness of PAs globally, and we recommend it be included in the Convention on Biological Diversity Post-2020 Strategy.  相似文献   
300.
通过构建低剂量亚砷酸钠中毒SD大鼠模型,初步探究低砷暴露对肠道损伤及菌群的影响。雄性SD大鼠随机分为NC组(正常组)、AS1组(砷染毒12周)、AS2组(砷染毒16周)给予亚砷酸钠1 mg·kg-1灌胃染毒,一周6 d,每天一次,实验终期收集各组大鼠血液和脏器。苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察结肠组织病理学变化;16S rRNA基因检测技术检测肠道菌群的变化;显色基质鲎试剂盒检测肝门静脉中内毒素(LPS)水平。结果表明,砷组中结肠的肠绒毛排列紊乱,间隙大,随着砷暴露时间的增加,有炎性细胞的浸润,结肠的长度缩短,肠砷含量逐渐升高,肝门静脉中的LPS水平显著升高(P<0.05)。砷暴露后与正常组相比,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的丰度显著降低(P<0.05),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)的丰度增加;从属水平看在砷暴露组中保护性细菌的丰度减少,如RoseburiaAnaerovoracaceaeBlautia等,增加Faecalibaculum、丹毒丝菌(Erysipelotrichaceae)和QuinellaP<0.05)等条件致病菌的丰度,并且呈现时间依赖性增高。因此,亚慢性低剂量亚砷酸钠诱导大鼠肠道发生损伤,肠道菌群的组成结构发生改变。  相似文献   
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