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321.
我国造纸行业清洁生产的思路及案例分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在分析我国造纸行业的污染现状及治理现状的基础,雌出了造纸行业清洁生产的初步思路框架,在该清洁生产思路的指导下,以茂名市造纸厂为案例进行了较为详细的分析,最后,提出了我国造纸行业实施可持续发展的战略措施。 相似文献
322.
膜萃取处理水溶液中镉、锌离子的工艺 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以P204+正庚烷为萃取剂,将中空纤维膜萃取技术用于处理水溶液中镉离子、锌离子.研究了两相流速、初始浓度及溶液pH等因素对传质系数和萃取率的影响,计算了膜萃取器的传质单元高度(HTU)w,同时还研究了萃取剂的再生问题.实验结果表明,在低浓度下(<500 mg/L),平衡分配系数较大,传质阻力主要是在水相;在初始浓度较高时(<2000mg/L),由于分配系数较小,三项传质阻力均不可忽略;在初始浓度很高时(>2000mg/L),传质由有机相和膜相阻力控制.实验还表明通过膜器串联可以实现萃取剂的再生.对于稀溶液(<200mg/L),中空纤维膜萃取可以使水溶液中金属离子浓度减小2个数量级,通过计算,中空纤维膜萃取器(HTU)w在15~30cm之间,大大低于传统的萃取塔. 相似文献
323.
蚯蚓与污水土地处理试验研究 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
本研究将蚯蚓--土壤床作为污水处理的一种试验装置。试验对蚯蚓的耐水能力,蚯蚓负荷、污水浓度以及渗滤速度等因素对污水处理效果的影响了初步研究,结果表明:采用合理的间歇运行引养殖污水土地处理是可行的,系统的去除率随渗滤速度的增加而降低;蚯蚓的存在能提高土壤对氮的吸附能力,提高污水处理脱氧效果。 相似文献
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325.
以湖南省长株潭3市为研究区域,分析其在2013年第4季度的城市环境空气质量状况,并与上年同期进行对比,同时研究PM2.5质量浓度和AQI值与气象参数的相关性。结果表明,PM10和PM2.5是长株潭3市的主要大气污染物;2013年第4季度中,长株潭3市在11月份的空气质量最好;总体上,3市中,湘潭市的空气质量最差,而3市2013年第4季度的环境空气质量较上年同期明显下降,复合污染特征越来越明显。PM2.5质量浓度和AQI值与气象参数都有一定的相关性,尤其是与能见度显著负相关,与风速、湿度和气压微弱负相关,而与温度微弱正相关。与上年同期相比,长株潭3市在2013年第4季度的气温偏高,湿度较小,平均风速小,气象条件不利于大气污染物扩散。因此,尽管3市的污染治理力度大,减排成效明显,但城市环境空气质量反而较上年同期下降。在大气环境容量基本利用殆尽的情况下,不利气象条件随时可能直接诱发严重的大气污染问题。 相似文献
326.
327.
Environmental contamination due to uncontrolled e-waste recycling activities is drawing increasing attention in the world. Extraction of these metals with biodegradable chelant [S,S]-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) and the factors influencing extraction efficacy were investigated in the present study. Results showed that the addition of EDDS at low pH (5.5) produced higher metal extraction than that at high pH (8.0) solution. Metal speciation analysis indicated that Cu was completely complexed with EDDS at different pH conditions with various amounts of EDDS applied. For Pb and Zn, at low EDDS dose of 0.304 mol/kg soil, they were present as Pb- and Zn-EDDS. However, at high EDDS dose of 1.26 mol/kg soil, most of Pb was bound with dissolved organic matter. Ca and Al were found to be strong competitors for trace metals to EDDS at low application dose and low pH condition. 相似文献
328.
Jiangping Wu Ying Zhang Xiaojun Luo Yazhe She Lehuan Yu Shejun Chen Bixian Mai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(2):183-194
Accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and unregulated disposal of waste of electric and electronic equipment (e-waste) in China have caused environmental pollution of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). This review summarized the levels, trends, and bioaccumulation characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other potential alternative BFRs including hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-dibromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) in wildlife from China. PBDE levels in wildlife from China were generally higher than those from other parts in Asia, and were comparable to those from Europe but were lower than those from North America. However, wildlife from the e-waste recycling sites in South China and East China contained much higher PBDEs compared to other reports around the world, suggesting the heavy contamination of PBDEs in these regions. The alternative BFRs were also detected in wildlife, revealing that the animals are exposed to these chemicals, in addition to PBDEs. Temporal trends indicated by levels in marine mammals from South China suggested that PBDE levels increased from the beginning of 1990s to 2000s, but decreased from the middle of 2000s, followed by relatively steady levels. In contrast, HBCDs were found to be continuously increasing from 1997 to 2007, indicating the increasing usage of HBCDs in China in recent years. Compared to PBDE profiles found in other parts, aquatic species and birds from China contained relatively higher contributions of BDE-28 and 209, respectively, suggesting the possible different usage pattern of PBDEs. Future works including keeping monitoring at a reasonable scale and frequency to make sure levels near urban centers indicative of population do not increase are needed. Additionally, focus effort on e-waste recycling regions to look for impacts and to determine if regulation/controls are resulting in lower environmental contamination, and incorporation of sentinel species in monitoring efforts are recommended. 相似文献
329.
330.
Li Xu Tieyu Wang Wei Luo Kun Ni Shijie Liu Lin Wang Qiushuang Li Yonglong Lu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(3):561-568
Topsoil samples from 61 sites around the Guanting Reservoir,China,were measured for Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb and As concentrations.The mean concentrations of Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb and As were 16.8,59.4,37.8,18.3,0.32,20.1 and 8.67 mg/kg dry weight,respectively.Factors that influence the dynamics of these metals in soils around the watersheds of Beijing reservoirs were examined.The influence of atmospheric deposition,land use,soil texture,soil type and soil chemical parameters on metal contents in soils was investigated.Atmospheric deposition,land use and soil texture were the important factors affecting heavy metal residues.Soil type and soil chemical parameters were also involved in heavy metal retention in soils.The data provided in this study are considered crucial for reservoir remediation,especially since the Guanting Reservoir will serve as one of the main drinking water sources for Beijing in the foreseeable future. 相似文献