UASB-SBR工艺处理阿维菌素废水

采用UASB-SBR 组合工艺处理阿维菌素废水,考察了UASB 反应器和SBR 反应器中COD 的去除效果.UASB 反应器稳定运行阶段,当进水COD 为9 210 mg / L、容积负荷为9.21 kg（/ m3·d）时,COD 去除率稳定在85%左右.SBR 反应器稳定运行阶段,当进水COD 为1 010 mg /...     

Physiological and biochemical responses of Microcystis aeruginosa to phosphite

Phosphorus (P) is a key biological element and limiting nutrient in aquatic environments. Phosphate (+5) is traditionally associated with the P nutrient supply. However, phosphite (+3) has recently generated a great deal of interest, because of the possibility that it is a P source based on recognition of its vital role in the original life of the early earth. This study investigated whether phosphite can be an alternative P source for Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806, one of the predominant bloom species in freshwater systems. The results indicated that M. aeruginosa could not utilize phosphite as a sole P-nutrient directly for cell growth at any concentration, but that phosphite could boost cell numbers and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) content as long as phosphate was provided simultaneously. Specifically, Chl-a production increased sharply when 5.44 mg P L⁻¹ phosphite was added to 0.54 mg P L⁻¹ phosphate medium. Analysis of the maximum yield of PSII indicated that phosphite may stimulate the photosynthesis process of cells in phosphate-phosphite medium. In addition, phosphite failed to support cell growth, even though it more readily permeated the cells in P-deficient medium than in P-sufficient medium. Alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) analysis indicated that, unlike organic P, phosphite inhibits the response of cells to deficient P status, especially under P-deprived conditions.     

Histopathological and biochemical alternations of the heart induced by acute cadmium exposure in the freshwater crab Sinopotamon yangtsekiense

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element in water. Its toxicity has been attributed to oxidative stress mediated by free radicals. Here we investigated the effects of Cd on the histopathology, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation of crustacean heart. The freshwater crabs Sinopotamon yangtsekiense were exposed to different concentrations of Cd for 1, 3, 5 and 7 d. After exposure, histological abnormalities were discovered, including myocardial edema, vacuolar and vitreous degeneration, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Additionally, alterations in nuclei, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as myofibrils were observed. Meanwhile, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly increased after Cd exposure. Catalase (CAT) activity was only increased in the group exposed to 14.50 mg L⁻¹ Cd on day 5 and decreased with increasing Cd concentration and exposure time. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was increased in groups treated with 29.00, 58.00 and 116.00 mg L⁻¹ on days 1 and 3, and decreased thereafter. Besides, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased after 3 d of Cd exposure at all the indicated concentrations. These results showed that acute Cd exposure led to harmful effects on the histology of crab heart, which are most likely linked to Cd-induced oxidative stress.     

水合肼改性淀粉去除废水中的重金属离子

以木薯淀粉为原料、硝酸铈铵为引发剂,合成丙烯酸甲酯接枝淀粉;用水合肼对其进行改性,合成了具有氨基功能团的改性淀粉。将改性淀粉用于对多种单一重金属离子和混合重金属离子的去除。在混合重金属离子溶液中,在室温、改性淀粉加入量为7.0g/L、重金属离子质量浓度为30mg/L、反应时间为120min的条件下,混合液pH为3～7时,改性淀粉对Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+和Ni2+的去除率均达99.9%以上;混合液pH为4时,改性淀粉对Cr6+的去除率达73.2%。     

“点滴渗透法”在政治理论课教学中的应用

改革开放以来,经济社会发展迅速,人们的思想意识和道德观念也在发生着巨大的变化。如何让社会主义核心价值体系深入到大学生的心灵深处,内化为他们的人格力量和人生动力,是开展思想道德教育需要认真研究的重大课题。而将政治理论课的教学过程与师生的行为实践结合起来,丰富课堂教学的内容和形式,延伸拓展课堂教学的空间,是在政治理论课教学中尝试实践"点滴渗透法"的主要内容。     

麻质活性炭的制备及其对Cu2＋的吸附研究

以废麻为原料,KOH为活化剂制备粉状活性炭,通过静态吸附实验研究了活性炭对Cu2＋的吸附性能,探讨了溶液起始pH值、活性炭投加量、吸附时间、起始Cu2＋质量浓度等对Cu2＋吸附效果的影响。结果表明,溶液pH和活性炭投加量对吸附效果有较大影响,活性炭对Cu2＋的吸附率在60 min内超过50%,初始浓度在10~50 mg/L时,活性炭对Cu2＋的吸附量与起始浓度近似成正比。采用Langmuir、Freundlich吸附等温式对吸附平衡数据进行了拟合,结果表明吸附等温线符合Frenudlich模型。采用傅立叶红外光谱法（FT-IR）分析了活性炭的表面官能团,分析表明活性炭表面酸性官能团可能是吸附Cu2＋的活性中心。     

基于GIS的山区高速公路运营防灾管理系统——以西昌至田房高速公路为例

泥石流、滑坡等地质灾害是影响山区高速公路运营安全的主要因素之一。采用GIS技术建立山区高速公路运营防灾管理系统技术结构框架,提出了该管理系统应具备三个主要功能,即：对各个泥石流、滑坡工点的管理分析以指导工程设施的施工和维护,对雨情的分析以确保行车安全和如何在灾害发生后进行及时、有效的抢险救援。并将其应用到对西昌一田房高速公路的管理上,为该高速公路的安全运营提供决策支持。     

舟山钓梁围垦工程土工布、碎石垫层施工技术探讨

海洋深水软土地基筑堤基础处理通常采用爆破挤淤法及塑料排水板排水固结法。排水板排水固结法主要工序有土工布、碎石垫层铺设、塑料排水板打插,其中碎石垫层作为滤水层,对基础处理效果有较大的影响。根据舟山钓梁工程施工情况看,目前塑料排水板打插工艺相对较成熟,而土工布、碎石垫层铺设工艺则尚在研究探讨中,因此重点对舟山市钓梁围垦工程土工布、碎石垫层铺设的施工工艺进行探讨,为今后发展提供参考。     

工程技术管理人员安全生产责任的落实

安全生产责任制度,是现代企业工程施工安全生产工作的基本制度,是落实企业安全生产主体责任、规范安全管理流程的基本法则。每一个建筑施工企业都会制定出从企业董事长、总经理到各个管理岗位,直到基层作业人员的安全生产责任制。在施工现场安全生产工作中,工程技术人员的安全责任落实是安全管理链条的重要环节。     

浅谈爆破作业人员的安全培训

轨迹交叉论认为,在事故发展过程中,人的因素运动轨迹与物的因素运动轨迹的交点,就是事故发生的时间和空间,即事故发生是由人的不安全行为和物的不安全状态共同作用产生的结果。然而就爆破行业而言,通过对1984年12月至2007年10月间随机抽取的274起爆破事故的分析,其中人的因素（包括爆破设计不当、违章作业、早爆、防护措施不当、现场管理不善等）造成的爆破事故占94．6％;属于爆破器材和其它尚未认识的因素造成的爆破事故占5．4％。