Urbanization reduces resource use efficiency of phytoplankton community by altering the environment and decreasing biodiversity

Urbanization often exerts multiple effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms, including changes in biodiversity, species composition and ecosystem functions. However, the impacts of urbanization on river phytoplankton in subtropical urbanizing watersheds remain largely unknown. Here, we explored the effects of urbanization on phytoplankton community structure（i.e., biomass, community composition and diversity） and function（i.e., resource use efficiency） in a subtropical river at watershed sca...     

红壤中交换性铝调控条件的研究Ⅱ.有机质和CaCO_3对交换性铝的影响

研究了有机质和ＣａＣＯ３。对发育于花岗岩和第四纪红色粘土母质上的红壤的交换性铝的影响。结果表明,在用Ｈ２Ｏ２去除土壤中的有机质后,交换性铝的含量随有机质的降低而降低,但降低的速度不均匀,由慢到快似有一个“突跃”。而在向土壤中添加有机质的研究结果则表明,交换性铝的含量随有机质的增加而增加;在增加的过程中由快到慢,达到极点后,有机质含量再增加,交换性铝反而下降。在相同的土壤环境中,由于作物品种不同,施用等量的ＣａＣＯ３（或石灰粉）对土壤交换性铝的含量及作物产量的影响不同,而且差异显著。     

地震危险性灰色关联度分析

将地震现象视为一内部信息部分已知、部分未知的灰色系统，表征强震发生前地震危险性的指标值实际上是灰数。据此应用灰色关联度分析的方法对我国的昭通、松潘、兰州、苏鲁交界处和长江口地区进行了多因素的地震危险性评价和预测，并将其结果与模糊数学方法所得的结论进行了对比。     

嵌贴CFRP筋抗剪加固RC深T梁优化方法∗

深T梁因其极限承载力主要受剪力控制,易发生脆性剪切破坏进而造成结构破坏。因此,如何掌握梁内力流分布,并采用相应的加固措施提高现役梁的抗剪承载力以减少结构垮塌就成为当前研究的热点。表层嵌贴CFRP筋加固技术因其包裹性好、整体粘结性能优、施工效率高且不增加结构自重等优势正在兴起。借鉴‘拉-压杆’模型,数值分析研究深T梁的内力流分布规律,并据此制定出简单及优化等2种加固方案,构建相对应的2组实验深T梁并实施验证性实验。比对有关深T梁在加固前后的理论分析、数值模拟及验证性实验成果中的抗剪承载力及裂缝宽度等关键参数,最终获证所选用的2种加固方案分别使得深T梁的抗剪承载力提高了45%、65%,充分说明了本文所依据的原理及制定的加固方案有效、可行,能够指导工程实际。     

Tracking Chinese newspaper coverage of elephant ivory through topic modeling

Mass media worldwide has contributed to increasing awareness of the illegal wildlife trade and its significant impact on wildlife conservation. We used mass media coverage as a proxy for macro-level public opinion to analyze the media framing of elephant ivory in 6394 Chinese newspaper articles published from 2000 to 2021 and thus determine the effects of wildlife policies on public opinion. We focused on 2 events: the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) approval of China as a trading partner in the purchase and import of ivory stockpiles from Africa in July 2008 and the Chinese government's announcement of a domestic ivory ban in December 2016. Using latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling, we identified 8 topics about elephant ivory and grouped them into 3 frames: ivory arts and culture, ivory crimes, and elephant conservation. Over the last 2 decades, topics related to ivory crimes remained the most prevalent in news articles. Topics about ivory arts and culture showed a significant shift in media salience before and after the 2 events (from 0.44 to 0.19 and from 0.08 to 0.15, respectively, p < 0.05), whereas the other 2 frames did not change significantly. Contrary to popular belief, our results indicated that Chinese macro-level public opinion on ivory had become more negative following the CITES approval of ivory importation and less negative after the ivory ban announcement, at least for certain periods. The relationship between mass media, public opinion, and wildlife trade policies is complex and requires further examination of the sociopolitical dynamics that influence media narratives. Our results showed the value of topic modeling in monitoring and assessing media representations of wildlife issues in the era of big data. Conservationists should remain vigilant of mass media coverage and collaborate with media practitioners to produce comprehensive narratives on wildlife issues if resources permit.     

Plants emit sulfate-, phosphate- and metal-containing nanoparticles

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The presence of engineered and natural nanoparticles in the atmosphere is of concern for health and climate. Actually there are few studies on the release of...     

Efficient production of hydrogen peroxide in microbial reverse-electrodialysis cells coupled with thermolytic solutions

● Appreciable H₂O₂ production rate was achieved in MRCs utilizing NH₄HCO₃ solutions. ● Carbon black outperformed activated carbon as the catalyst for H₂O₂ production. ● The optimum carbon black loading for H₂O₂ production on air-cathode was 10 mg/cm². ● The optimum number of cell pairs was determined to be three. ● A maximum power density of 980 mW/m² was produced by MRCs with 5 cell pairs. H₂O₂ was produced at an appreciable rate in microbial reverse-electrodialysis cells (MRCs) coupled with thermolytic solutions, which can simultaneously capture waste heat as electrical energy. To determine the optimal cathode and membrane stack configurations for H₂O₂ production, different catalysts, catalyst loadings and numbers of membrane cell pairs were tested. Carbon black (CB) outperformed activated carbon (AC) for H₂O₂ production, although AC showed higher catalytic activity for oxygen reduction. The optimum CB loading was 10 mg/cm² in terms of both the H₂O₂ production rate and power production. The optimum number of cell pairs was determined to be three based on a tradeoff between H₂O₂ production and capital costs. A H₂O₂ production rate as high as 0.99 ± 0.10 mmol/(L·h) was achieved with 10 mg/cm² CB loading and 3 cell pairs, where the H₂O₂ recovery efficiency was 52 ± 2% and the maximum power density was 780 ± 37 mW/m². Increasing the number of cell pairs to five resulted in an increase in maximum power density (980 ± 21 mW/m²) but showed limited effects on H₂O₂ production. These results indicated that MRCs can be an efficient method for sustainable H₂O₂ production.     

硫铁矿烧渣和劣质铁尾矿制备聚硅酸铁铝混凝剂

研究了以硫铁矿烧渣和劣质铁尾矿为原料联合制备高效混凝剂聚硅酸铁铝(PSAF)的方法,确定了合理的生产工艺和操作条件。用该混凝剂处理工业废水,并与聚合硫酸铁(PFS)的处理效果比较,结果表明,出水COD和色度去除率分别提高约25%和28%,SS去除率提高约10%。