含硫化氢天然气管道泄漏扩散控制新技术

从泄漏扩散控制系统结构原理、预警方法、关断触发、泄漏量计算、泄漏后的处置、泄漏点定位等介绍了CPP管道泄漏控制新技术,并通过虚拟空间均匀扩散模型,计算了失误情况下扩散范围,推荐了管道环空封隔长度、触发压力阈值和搬迁距离。通过建设实验管道证实了CPP管道泄漏安全连锁控制比普通管道具有显著的优越性。     

基于GIS与RS技术的北盘江流域生态环境质量评价研究

文章通过对Landsat 8卫星2014年北盘江流域遥感影像数据进行解译,选取植被覆盖度、土壤侵蚀程度、石漠化敏感性程度作为评价指标,采用综合指数评价法对北盘江流域2014年的生态环境质量状况进行定量评价和可视化分析.结果表明:(1)从总体上看,北盘江流域生态环境质量较为一般;(2)从面积上看,北盘江流域生态环境质量以较差、一般等级为主,区域面积达14 328.32平方千米,占全流域的53.93%;(3)从空间分布上看,流域中游中山地貌(干流两岸)地区生态环境质量较差。     

工业灾害与可持续发展

介绍了工业灾害、可持续发展及其相互之间的辩证关系,明确了防治工业灾害．保护环境资源,走可持续发展之路是历史的必然,并提出了防治工业灾害的措施。     

Use of a multi-layer column device for study on leachability of nitrate in sludge-amended soils

This paper described a multi-layer column device constructed with six cylindrical polythene tubes with installation of Rhizon soil moisture samplers (Rhizon SMS). The feasibility of using the column device to collect soil solution and percolate and to monitor leachability of nitrate in two sludge-amended soils was evaluated under glasshouse conditions. The soil moisture sampler in the device was demonstrated to be a non-destructive, simultaneous, sequential, convenient and rapid sampling tool for multiple-site porewater extraction. The device provided an in situ monitoring technique for leachability of nitrate in a soil profile following application of the anaerobically digested sewage sludge. The monitored results showed that surface soil amendment of the sewage sludge increased markedly the concentration of nitrate in the soil solutions at depths of 10-30 cm in a neutral paddy soil and at 30-50 cm in an acid red paddy soil. This amendment also largely increased nitrate in the percolates of the acid red soil. The movement and distribution patterns of nitrate in the profile were related to soil types, profile depths and experimental periods. Land application of sewage sludge may pose a risk in groundwater contamination of nitrate.     

新型甲醛被动式检气管的研制

新研制的甲醛被动式检气管是建立在气体分子扩散和化学吸收原理基础上的，检气管内的惰性担体上浸渍了对甲醛特效的希夫试剂。当管内进入甲醛气体时，即发生显色反应，检气管的显色长度的平方与甲醛浓度及采样时间的乘积成线性关系。检出下限为０．０１５ｍｇ＃Ｌ（采样５ｈ），它集采样与分析为一体，结构简单，不需动力，便于携带和操作方便，应用于检测某厂刨花板车间和制胶车间的甲醛气体，与传统的注射器采样比色分析法对比，结     

2株漂白废水高效降解菌的选育

用含氯漂白废水驯化城市污水处理厂的好氧污泥 ,从中分离出两株高效去除有机氯的菌 ,并对其适应条件进行了研究。结果表明 ,当pH为 7.0、废水浓度为 5 0 %、加入 0 .4g/L葡萄糖、2mL菌液时 ,处理效果较好 ,有机氯的去除率最高可达 74 .8%。     

Changes in soil microbial biomass and Zn extractability over time following zn addition to a paddy soil

A laboratory incubation study was conducted using a paddy soil spiked with two quantities of Zn as soluble Zn(NO3)2 and unamended controls. Three single extractants (1 M ammonium acetate (pH 7.0), 0.43 M acetic acid and 0.05 M EDTA) were used to assess the bioavailability of Zn. Biological community assessments were made microbial biomass (chloroform fumigation), soil basal respiration and dehydrogenase activity. During the 84-day period of the experiment, addition of Zn at both 500 and 1,000 mg kg(-1) had little detectable effect on soil pH. The concentration of NH4OAc-extractable Zn decreased rapidly within the initial six weeks. The concentration of HOAc-extractable Zn showed no decrease during 84 days incubation. EDTA-extractable Zn was greater than NH4OAc- and HOAc-extractable fractions, and showed a similar trend to NH4OAc-extractable after incubation. Microbial biomass, soil basal respiration and dehydrogenase activity all decreased over time during 84 days incubation. Addition of Zn resulted in a significant increase in specific respiration (qCO2). Microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity did not appear to be influenced by added Zn, probably due to the strong buffering capacity of the soil. The Zn extracted by EDTA, HOAc and NH4OAc showed close relationships with each other (p < 0.001). Zinc extracted by 0.05 M EDTA and NH4OAc were highly correlated with soil basal respiration and specific respiration rate (p < 0.01). The results suggest that NH4OAc-extractable Zn combined with soil specific respiration could be used as parameters for risk assessment.     

Fungal degradation of metsulfuron-methyl in pure cultures and soil

A fungal strain capable of utilizing metsulfuron-methyl as sole carbon and energy sources was isolated from a metsulfuron-methyl treated soil. The degradation characteristics of metsulfuron-methyl by this fungal strain were investigated in liquid culture and soil. More than 79% of metsulfuron-methyl at concentrations of 0.10 mgl(-1), 1.0 mgl(-1) and 10.0 mgl(-1) in pure culture was degraded by strain MD after incubation for 7 days, whereas only 5.6%, 8.6% and 13.1% of metsulfuron-methyl were degraded at levels of 0.10 mgl(-1), 1.0mgl(-1) and 10.0 mgl(-1) in the controls, respectively. The incorporation of strain MD into soil was found to substantially increase the degradation of metsulfuron-methyl. Degradation was 7.5 and 3.8 times faster in strain MD amended soils than in sterilized and fresh soils. The results show that addition of the isolated strain MD enhances degradation of metsulfuron-methyl in water and soil.     

藻类及其分泌物对混凝过程的影响研究

采用纯萍进行烧杯混凝试验，考察了试验藻种及其分泌物对混凝过程的影响，试验发现：藻类对混凝过程的影响与藻的种类，生长阶段及藻浓度有关；一般说来，藻类在浓度较低时，对混凝过程吸不同程度的促进作用，而在高浓度时，对混凝过程有不同程度的干扰。增加混凝剂投加量，调节ｐＨ，耐加氯可以减弱藻类及其分泌物对混凝过程的影响。     

微生物在环境保护中的应用现状及发展趋势

微生物在环境保护中起着非常重要 的作用。文章论述了微生物环境保护国内外应用现状，分析了未来发展趋势、 应用前景，最后对微生物资源的开发利用作了一些探讨。