石煤灰渣酸浸提钒后残渣作水泥混合材试验研究

为探索提钒残渣用作水泥混合材的可行性,根据提钒残渣的物化特性分析,设计出合理的配料方案,通过对试样的物理检验,研究了提钒残渣的掺量对水泥性能的影响.试验结果表明,提钒残渣属于活性混合材,在掺量为25%-40%时,可单独用作水泥混合材,且不论单掺还是和水泥厂石煤渣对掺,水泥各项性能指标均符合GB175-2007<通用硅酸...     

东部平原城市水污染现状及河网结构对水污染影响

以我国经济发达、城市化较高的东部平原地区城市河网水污染现状为例,结合东部平原地区河网的自然结构特征,从水动力学角度研究平原河网结构改变对地表水污染的影响,探讨我国东部平原地区城市河网水污染水动学机理,为采取有效的治理技术手段提供理论基础。     

电子废弃物中环氧树脂的无害化和资源化处置现状和对策研究

随着电子信息等高科技产业迅猛发展,电子废弃物的产生量迅速增大。另一方面,国内电子废物的飞速增长和国外电子废物的大量涌入,成为中国环境安全重大隐患。电子垃圾成分复杂且其污染物众多,不恰当处理势必造成了严重的环境污染,而其中最难以无害化和资源化,且所占比例最高(大于50%)的材料是环氧树脂。就电子废弃物中环氧树脂处置技术、国内外处置现状进行了分析,从可持续性发展的环保战略高度,结合承担国家科技部相关项目的研究进展情况,介绍了利用电子废弃物中环氧树脂的新工艺,并根据国情提出了一些建议和对策。     

石化行业重大事故后救援人员心理援助的探索

根据救援人员的心理反应及危害,分析了救援人员心理援助存在的问题,并探讨了救援人员的心理援助干预的对策,以期通过完善心理援助干预的相关政策法规体系、加强心理援助干预队伍建设和开发提升有效的心理干预技术来改善救援人员的心理状态.     

开展环境空气质量预报预警工作的研究

近年来,全国各地雾霾天气的大范围、高频次地发生,为改善环境空气质量,及时有效地为政府及公众提供环境质量状况信息,抓紧构建环境空气质量监测预报预警技术体系建设成为了环境部门当前迫在眉睫的一项工作.通过分析湖南省长株潭区域开展城市环境空气质量预报预警工作的现状,描述了预报期间发生过由雾霾造成的大气污染指数变化情况及气象条件,同时对区域内环境空气质量预报预警工作的技术路线进行了探讨,介绍了空气质量集合数值预报系统中的常用模型,及其在北京市、上海市空气质量预报系统的应用情况,提出了统一规划,搭建集合数值预报系统平台、注重气象部门合作,开展科学研究、加快人才培养,提高预报水平和科学管理发布与宣传的具体建议措施.     

110千伏变电站常用噪声控制方案的分析与研究

阐述了110千伏变电站噪声环境影响的现状,全面列举了变电站的主要噪声源并分析其分布规律及噪声影响特点.针对各类声源的特点,结合变电站设计、施工、运行维护三个主要阶段,全过程分析了常用的变电站噪声控制方案及其效果,重点关注了有源消声技术的应用和排风扇噪声影响的问题.对常用噪声控制方案的分析与研究,旨在寻求最经济、最有效的110千伏变电站噪声控制方案.     

Immobilization of self-assembled pre-dispersed nano-TiO2 onto montmorillonite and its photocatalytic activity

The immobilization of pre-dispersed TiO₂ colloids onto the external surface of the clay mineral montmorillonite (Mt) was accomplished and regulated via a self-assembly method employing the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The role of CTAB in the synthesis process was investigated by preparing a series of TiO₂-CTAB-Mt composites (TCM) with various CTAB doses. The results indicated that a uniform and continuous TiO₂ film was deposited on the external surface of montmorillonite in the composite synthesized with 0.1 wt.% of CTAB, and the TCM nano-composites showed much higher values for specific surface area, average pore size and pore volume than the raw montmorillonite clay. Then, the formed TCM materials were applied in photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solution. The degradation efficiency reached as high as 94.7%. Based on the degradation intermediates benezoquinone, fumaric acid and oxalic acid identified by LC–MS analysis, a mechanism for the photocatalytic oxidation of 2,4-DCP on TiO₂/Mt nano-composites is proposed.     

Use of additive and pretreatment to control odors in municipal kitchen waste during aerobic composting

The effects of adding a bulking agent and chemically pretreating municipal kitchen waste before aerobic composting were studied using a laboratory-scale system. The system used 20-L reactors and each test lasted 28 days. The objective was to decrease NH₃ and H₂S emissions during composting. The bulking agent, dry cornstalks, was mixed with the kitchen waste to give a mixture containing 15% (wet weight) bulking agent. A combined treatment was also conducted, in which kitchen waste mixed with the bulking agent was pretreated with ferric chloride (FeCl₃). Less leachate was produced by the composted kitchen waste mixed with bulking agent than by the kitchen waste alone, when the materials had reached the required maturity. The presence of cornstalks also caused less H₂S to be emitted, but had little impact on the amount of NH₃ emitted. The FeCl₃ was found to act as an effective chemical flocculant, and its presence significantly decreased the amounts of NH₃ and H₂S emitted. Kitchen waste mixed with cornstalks and treated with FeCl₃ emitted 42% less NH₃ and 76% less H₂S during composting than did pure kitchen waste.     

A study of farmers' flood perceptions based on the entropy method: an application from Jianghan Plain,China

Using survey data from 280 farmers in Jianghan Plain, China, this paper establishes an evaluation index system for three dimensions of farmers' flood perceptions and then uses the entropy method to estimate their overall flood perception. Farmers' flood perceptions exhibit the following characteristics: (i) their flood‐occurrence, flood‐prevention, and overall flood perceptions gradually increase with age, whereas their flood‐effects perception gradually decreases; (ii) their flood‐occurrence and flood‐effects perceptions gradually increase with a higher level of education, whereas their flood‐prevention perception gradually decreases and their overall flood perception shows nonlinear change; (iii) flood‐occurrence, flood‐effects, and overall flood perceptions are higher among farmers who serve in public offices than among those who do not do so; (iv) the flood‐occurrence, flood‐effects, and overall flood perceptions of farmers who work off‐farm are higher than those of farmers who work solely on‐farm, contrary to the flood‐prevention perception; and (v) the flood‐effects and flood‐prevention perceptions of male farmers are lower than those of female farmers, but the flood‐occurrence and overall flood perceptions of male farmers are higher than those of female farmers.