带有耗能连梁的钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构地震损伤评估

为了评估目前广泛研究的新型带有耗能连梁的剪力墙结构损伤程度,提出了一种适用于该结构的损伤模型,并通过低周反复试验结果对损伤模型进行验证。提出了该结构的地震性能等级及相应的损伤指数范围,并通过地震作用的增量动力分析得到该结构的易损性曲线,对该结构进行地震损伤评估。结果表明:提出的损伤模型能较好描述带有耗能连梁的钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构的损伤发展,地震性能等级及相应的损伤指数范围能较好反映该种结构的破坏等级,得到的易损性曲线能较为有效评估该种结构的损伤程度,为基于性能的新型带有耗能连梁的剪力墙结构的抗震设计及损伤评估提供了参考。     

钢铁渣粉在混凝土中的应用研究

为提高钢铁渣综合利用率,考察了钢铁渣粉作混凝土掺合料对混凝土抗压强度、工作性及对大体积混凝土温升的影响,并介绍了应用钢铁渣粉的工程项目。试验及工程应用表明,钢铁渣粉作混凝土掺合料,在相同胶凝材料用量下可显著提高混凝土抗压强度,在保证设计强度要求下可降低胶凝材料用量。此外,钢铁渣粉作混凝土掺合料能提高混凝土的工作性及施工性能,并可能降低混凝土内部温升,是一种新型的混凝土掺合料。     

气象资料在环境影响评价中的意义和作用

气象资料的收集已经是环评中不可缺少的一环,然而除了进行模式计算以外,这些资料似乎再无他用,仅限于收集和罗列。由于环评导则没有明确的说明和指导,对绝大多数环评人员和审查人员来说,对资料的实际意义和作用不甚了然,本文的阐释有助于相关技术人员深入理解基本气象资料在环境影响评价中的作用和意义。     

ZrO2掺杂的V2O5/TiO2催化剂表征及催化还原NOx

采用共沉淀法制备出不同锆掺杂量的钛锆复合载体(TiO2-ZrO2),运用XRD和BET研究其微观结构,结果显示钛锆物质的量之比1∶1时复合载体具有最大的比表面积,可达256.01 m.2g-1.以此为载体制备了V2O5/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂,并添加少量CeO2对其改性.采用XRD、BET、H2-TPR、原位FT-IR等手段研究其活性组分的表面分散状态、氧化还原特性和表面酸性.结果显示,V2O5高度分散在载体上;与纯V2O5相比,复合载体上V2O5的还原峰向低温方向发生了偏移;催化剂表面包含了大量的B酸和L酸.模拟氨气催化还原NO(NH3-SCR)的脱硝反应活性测试表明,V2O5/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂具有较好的热稳定性和较宽的活性窗口,少量CeO2的加入提高了催化剂的低温活性.     

烟气脱硫系统试验及动态建模研究

通过对烟气脱硫(FGD)系统吸收塔动态特性试验以及运行数据的分析,并结合工程实例分析了吸收塔等关键设备的建模仿真过程。建立了脱硫吸收塔稳态和动态仿真模型,该仿真模型可应用于烟气脱硫系统设计阶段的对象模型仿真,完善单体设备的设计以及系统配置的验证等过程,同时也是脱硫工艺包的重要组成部分。     

Adsorption of microcystins by carbon nanotubes

The production of cyanobacterial toxins microcystins (MCs) by cyanobacterial bloom which may promote the growth of tumor in human liver is a growing environmental problem worldwide. In this paper, the adsorption of MC-RR and LR, which were extracted from cyanobacterial cells in Dianchi Lake in China, by carbon nanotubes (CNTs), wood-based activated carbon (ACs) and clays were investigated. Compared with ACs and clay materials of sepiolite, kaolinite and talc tested, CNTs were found to have a strong ability in the adsorption of MCs. At the concentrations of 21.5 mg l(-1) MC-RR and 9.6 mg l(-1) MC-LR in 50 mmol phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0), the adsorption amounts of MCs by CNTs with the range of outside diameter from 2 to 10nm were 14.8 and 5.9 mg g(-1), which were about four times higher than those by other adsorbents tested. It was shown that with the decrease of CNTs outside diameters from 60 to 2 nm, the adsorption amount of MCs was apparently increased, however the size of CNTs particles formed in solution declined. This result implies that the size of CNTs tube pore that is fit for the molecular dimension of MCs plays a dominant role. Furthermore the specific surface area of CNTs was also found to be a factor in the adsorption of MCs. The results suggested that the selection of suitable size of CNTs as a kind of adsorbent is very important in the efficient eliminating MCs from drinking water in future.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in rice hull from a typical e-waste recycling area in southeast China: temporal trend, source, and exposure assessment

The residue levels of 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 16 selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in rice and rice hull collected from a typical e-waste recycling area in southeast China were investigated from 2005 to 2007. PAHs and OCPs also were measured in ten mollusk species (soft tissues) collected in an adjacent bay in 2007. Individual PAHs were frequently found in the entire sample set (including the rice, hull, and mollusk samples) with a detection rate of 73 %. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs (ΣPAHs) and 16 OCPs (ΣOCPs) were in the range of 40.8–432 ng/g dry weight (mean: 171 ng/g) and 2.35–925 ng/g (122 ng/g), respectively, which were comparable or higher than those reported in some polluted areas. Statistical comparisons suggested that the concentrations of contaminants in hull gradually decreased from 2005 to 2007 and the residue levels were generally in the order of mollusk, hull, and rice, on a dry weight basis. Principal component analysis in combination with diagnostic ratios implied that combustion of coal, wood, and plastic wastes that are closely associated with crude e-waste recycling activities is the main source of PAHs. The finding of decreasing trend of concentrations of PAHs in this area is consistent with the efforts of local authorities to strengthen regulations on illegal e-waste recycling activities. Composition analysis suggested that there is a recent usage or discharge of hexachlorocyclohexane and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane into the tested area. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of ΣPAHs and ΣOCPs (calculated from mean concentrations) through rice and mollusk consumption was 0.411 and 0.921 μg/kg body weight (bw)/day, respectively.     

大气扩散模型计算结果析疑

扩散模型是大气污染物浓度预测最重要的工具。然而不同模型的预测结果差距很大,应该理性看待和应用其结果,本研究旨在通过实例说明这些问题。同时指出,同一类型的环评预测应该使用同一种模型,其结果才具有可比性。而最重要的还是要通过降低排放量来减少污染影响,不必过于计较模型观测结果。     

Catalytic ozonation performance and surface property of supported Fe3O4 catalysts dispersions

Fe₃O₄ was supported on mesoporous Al₂O₃ or SiO₂ (50 wt.%) using an incipient wetness impregnation method, and Fe₃O₄/Al₂O₃ exhibited higher catalytic efficiency for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and para-chlorobenzoic acid aqueous solution with ozone. The effect and morphology of supported Fe₃O₄ on catalytic ozonation performance were investigated based on the characterization results of X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, BET analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst supports especially their Lewis acid sites had a significant influence on the catalytic activity. In comparison with SiO₂, more Lewis acid sites existed on the surface of Al₂O₃, resulting in higher catalytic ozonation activity. During the reaction process, no significant Fe ions release was observed. Moreover, Fe₃O₄/Al₂O₃ exhibited stable structure and activity after successive cyclic experiments. The results indicated that the catalyst is a promising ozonation catalyst with magnetic separation in drinking water treatment.     

地质灾害系统的经济弹性及其结构研究

经济弹性是降低地质灾害系统经济损失的主要方式,如果能够对其进行准确定义和精确测量,其降低灾害损失的有效性将得到进一步增强.为此,在比较区分生态、工程、组织、规划、心理等不同学科领域弹性概念基础上,结合地质灾害系统的基本构成,对其经济弹性进行了操作化定义和数学描述.进而,在描述了地质灾害系统作用过程后,指出地质灾害系统的经济弹性是一个四维结构的概念,这对于准确衡量地质灾害经济弹性,提升其效率与潜力具有重要的作用.