山区乡镇湖库型水源保护与经济发展模式研究

在促进山区乡镇经济发展的同时,如何保护好大型湖库水源地是当地政府部门十分关注的问题.在对广东省万绿湖、湖南省东江湖和四川省升钟湖案例研究的基础上,提出保护水源以分级控制为主、经济发展以生态旅游为主、人口流动以有序迁移为主的发展保护模式.同时,以引导性发展为区域先行,环境保护规划、人口流动规划和地区经济发展规划的同时编制、同时实施、同时评估.该模式可为我国受到湖库型饮用水源大面积保护区范围影响下的山区乡镇环境经济协调发展提供一条合适的道路.     

天水地区野生动物物种多样性及持续发展策略

天水地区地处陇南山地向陇中黄土高原的过渡地带,野生动物物种多样性丰富.根据调查及有关资料,天水地区共有307种野生动物,占甘肃野生动物总种数的41.88%,其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物6种、国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物38种.针对目前天水地区野生动物保护中存在的问题,提出了加强宣传教育和法制管理、保护生境、扶持和引导社区经济、加强科学研究、处理好资源保护与合理开发利用的矛盾等发展策略.     

基于亲景度和竞争态的京沪陕入境旅游市场研究

依据1999-2008年相关统计数据,选取我国入境旅游市场份额前13位的客源国,以北京、上海、陕西等三大入境旅游热点地区为研究对象,利用亲景度指标,分析总结了其入境旅游市场的时空动态变化规律及深层原因,并引入竞争态模型,重点选取日本、韩国、美国三大客源市场进行京沪陕三地的比较研究.     

可靠性增长摸底试验方法研究分析

介绍了可靠性增长摸底试验方法的适用范围,对其试验对象进行了探讨,并对如何确定最佳试验时间的两种方法进行了研究.分析指出试验应力的选取也是影响可靠性增长摸底试验效果的关键因素,并用具体试验方案举例说明其有效性,证明了开展可靠性增长摸底试验这项工作可达到快速有效、节约经费的作用.     

陕西关中地区旅游流"井喷效应"的时空演变规律

旅游流"井喷现象"是特殊时段旅游流时空分布的特殊现象之一,其时空分布规律研究有助于旅游目的地的科学管理参照.选取关中地区旅游资源丰富的西安、宝鸡、华山三地作为案例,建立"黄金周"客流周内波动指数R,周内分布偏度指数G,并使用相关分析和Pearson相关系数,分析陕西关中地区特殊时段内旅游流"井喷效应"的时空演变规律.结果显示,在假日制度时间约束下,旅游流呈现"井喷现象"显著,一级旅游目的地城市的旅游资源属性、周边地区旅游资源配置和区位交通状况共同影响着游客的空间选择行为,从而影响区域旅游流的时间和空间分布.     

Application of China’s National Forest Continuous Inventory Database

The maintenance of a timely, reliable and accurate spatial database on current forest ecosystem conditions and changes is essential to characterize and assess forest resources and support sustainable forest management. Information for such a database can be obtained only through a continuous forest inventory. The National Forest Continuous Inventory (NFCI) is the first level of China’s three-tiered inventory system. The NFCI is administered by the State Forestry Administration; data are acquired by five inventory institutions around the country. Several important components of the database include land type, forest classification and ageclass/ age-group. The NFCI database in China is constructed based on 5-year inventory periods, resulting in some of the data not being timely when reports are issued. To address this problem, a forest growth simulation model has been developed to update the database for years between the periodic inventories. In order to aid in forest plan design and management, a three-dimensional virtual reality system of forest landscapes for selected units in the database (compartment or sub-compartment) has also been developed based on Virtual Reality Modeling Language. In addition, a transparent internet publishing system for a spatial database based on open source WebGIS (UMN Map Server) has been designed and utilized to enhance public understanding and encourage free participation of interested parties in the development, implementation, and planning of sustainable forest management.     

催化铁应用于草甘膦废水处理工艺改造的可行性研究

针对某化工厂草甘膦废水经厌氧-好氧生物处理后出水总磷浓度高,无法达到该化工区污水纳管标准的情况,应用催化铁方法对该废水现有处理工艺进行改造以提高出水水质。考察了催化铁方法对原处理工艺不同处理工段出水中磷的去除效果,发现该法可有效地去除生物厌氧池出水的总磷及正磷盐,去除率分别达到52．7％和83．13％以上,且使废水的BOD5／COD值显著提高,可从0．08提高至0．31,增强了废水的可生物降解性,有利于后续好氧生物处理的进行。研究表明在原处理工艺的厌氧池后增加催化铁处理段能明显提高最终出水水质。     

Location set covering for waste resource recycling centers in Taiwan

The efficiency of Taiwan's waste management and resource recycling systems has been well recognized in recent years, but the present model used to locate recycling centers and to assign collection depots to those centers continues to show low efficiency. To address this issue, the study herein suggests implementing a new location-planning and assignment model to reduce the number of existing recycling centers. Such a reduction would reduce the use of land resources. Moreover, the total transportation distance would decrease through the efficient assignment of collection depots to recycling centers. On the basis of results from previous studies, this study proposes a 2-stage location set covering problem-P-median integrated model that obtains exact solutions using heuristic algorithms on the basis of set operations. The results of numerical analyses show that the model introduced in this study is effective in solving the problems stated above as well as in improving the layout of Taiwan's existing recycling centers.     

固定源排污许可证监测管理制度研究

依靠排污许可证管理,固定源执行由行业排放标准为主正逐步过渡到"国家行业排放标准——单一源排放标准"双层排放标准,并以执行更全面和精准的单一源排放标准为主,对应的监测要求及考核方式更加多样化。对监测管理制度进行设计,明确固定源制定自行监测方案和守法监测的主体责任,厘清许可证核发部门、属地监测、执法部门的监管职责。系统设计"固定源制定并提交自行监测方案-核发部门审核-方案纳入排污许可证中成为规定-依规定自行监测和记录-固定源提交执行报告-监管部门审计式审核-执法监测和执法检查"的全过程管理机制,设计标准化的监管计划程序落实证后监管与执法监测,明晰监管部门的有限责任。     

植物内重金属的赋存形态及分布特征分析方法研究进展

植物内重金属分析不仅有助于阐述重金属迁移转化规律,揭示植物修复机理,也是监测评价大气、水及土壤环境重金属污染状况的重要依据。研究针对植物样品中重金属赋存形态及分布特征的分析方法进行综述,分别介绍了其原理、优缺点及应用。提出制定统一高效的分析检测方法,深化植物内重金属的赋存形态及分布特征与环境相关性的研究以及建立数据共享平台是植物样品重金属信息分析方法的未来发展方向。