关于高等学校引入低碳教育的思考

全球气候变化问题日益受到全人类的关注,国际社会加快了温室气体减排,发展低碳经济的步伐。解决气候变暖问题,发展低碳经济,实现可持续发展,必须通过低碳教育培养全民的低碳意识。大学生是传播低碳理念和实践低碳发展的生力军,提高大学生的低碳意识有利于提高全民族的低碳意识。为此,高校必然成为进行低碳教育的重要阵地。高等学校应在课程设置、学生生活实践以及学校管理等诸多方面贯彻低碳教育的理念。     

悬浮物对半滑舌鳎稚鱼的急性毒性效应

研究了不同浓度悬浮物对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevisG櫣nther)浮游阶段和伏底阶段稚鱼的急性毒性效应。实验结果表明,悬浮物对浮游阶段稚鱼的48 hLC50和96 hLC50(95%可信限)分别为588.2 mg/L(518.7~666.9 mg/L)和488.7 mg/L(428.6~557.2 mg/L),安全浓度(SC)为48.87 mg/L;水温(tw)为23℃时,对伏底阶段稚鱼的48 hLC50和96 hLC50(95%可信限)分别为3 034.6 mg/L(2769.8~3324.8 mg/L)和2117.2 mg/L(1932.1~2320.1 mg/L),SC为211.72mg/L;tw为26℃时,对伏底阶段稚鱼的48 hLC50和96 hLC50(95%可信限)分别为1684.0 mg/L(1543.4~1837.3 mg/L)和1657.1 mg/L(1522.7~1803.4 mg/L),SC为165.71 mg/L。     

基于可分离性指数的溢油图像定量分析

鉴于许多溢油监测技术都缺少量化指标,为了评价溢油监测方法,提出一种基于数学统计模型的评价指数——可分离性指数SI,通过对TM影像的处理,验证了利用油膜光谱曲线确定溢油监测通道的可行性,评价了几种图像增强的方法,得出高斯拉伸与直方图均衡化增强处理较佳,并经过反复试验建立数学描述性评价指标。结果证明该指数能够有效评价溢油监测方法。     

化工生产企业员工提高业务素质和安全技能的探讨

针对当前化工生产企业的安全现状,分析了化工生产企业当前存在的问题及其原因,并探讨了应对这些问题的相应对策,以促进员工业务素质和安全技能水平的提高,激发员工"关爱安全,关爱生命"的本能意识。     

石化行业水环境污染事件分级初探

为规范应急管理工作,提高突发事件的应急救援反应速度和协调水平,增强综合处置重特大事件的能力,预防和控制次生灾害的发生,保障企业员工和公众的生命安全,最大限度地减少财产损失、环境破坏和社会影响,中国石化制定了《中国石化重特大事件应急预案》。     

大学校园土壤中重金属污染研究

为研究大学校园土壤中重金属污染的状况,在西部某高校校园中选取10个采样点,分别采集了表层和下层土样,分析测定了土样中Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr四种重金属的含量。实验采用了微波消解、火焰原子吸收分光光度法对土样进行测定。结果表明待测校园土壤中重金属含量目前处于安全的范围,但大学,尤其是高等科研院校,应妥善处理科研试验过程中产生的污染物,为大学学生提供一个安全的大学校园环境。     

基于条件高斯模拟的城市灰尘Pb元素的空间分布特征

城市灰尘是分散于城市不同区域的表面固体颗粒物。城市灰尘对城市环境造成的污染越来越多地受到人们的关注,尤其是城市灰尘重金属对城市生存环境造成的危害。本文利用R软件中的Gstat包,对金华市城市地表灰尘中的Pb元素含量进行500次条件高斯模拟,并从中随机抽出3次模拟对其模拟结果进行分析,从模拟结果可以看出研究区Pb元素总体上显示出相似的空间变化趋势,但在细部空间变化上是有差别的。条件高斯模拟法对未知点的模拟值具有不确定性,克服了普通克里格法的平滑效应,能够更好地反映研究区的随机性和结构性。     

Can phosphate compounds be used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in Pb-contaminated soils？

The effects of di erent phosphate-amendments on lead (Pb) uptake, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) in contaminated soils with 2500, or 5000 mg P2O5/kg soil of hydroxyapatite (HA), phosphate rock (PR), single-superphosphate (SSP) and the mix of HA/SSP (HASSP) were evaluated in pot experiments. Results showed that the Pb concentrations in shoots and roots decreased by 18.3%–51.6% and 16.8%–57.3% among the treatments respectively compared to the control samples. The e ciency order of these phosphate-amendments in reducing Pb uptake was as follows: HASSPt HA > SSP t PR.With the addition of SSP, HA and the mix of HA/SSP, the SOD activity in shoot was reduced markedly (P < 0.05) compared with that in the control group. For example, the SOD activities in shoot by the treatments of HASSP, SSP, and HA in 5000 mg P2O5/kg were found to be only 51.3%, 56.2%, and 56.7%, respectively. Similar e ects were also observed on the level of MDA in the shoots with a decrease in 24.5%–56.3%. The results verified the inference that phosphate compounds could be used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in the plant vegetated in Pb-contaminated soils.     

Identification and characterization of the chromium（Ⅵ） responding protein from a newly isolated Ochrobactrum anthropi CTS-325

A Gram-negative, chromium(VI) tolerant and reductive strain CTS-325, isolated from a Chinese chromate plant, was identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi based on its biochemical properties and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It was able to tolerate up to 10 mmol/L Cr(VI) and completely reduce 1 mmol/L Cr(VI) to Cr(III) within 48 h. When the strain CTS-325 was induced with Cr(VI), a protein increased significantly in the whole cell proteins. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that this protein was a superoxide dismutase (SOD) homology. The measured superoxide dismutase activity was 2694 U/mg after three steps of purification. The SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion (O₂^·−) into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. This protein is considered to be one of the most important anti-oxidative enzymes for O. anthropi as it allows the bacterium to survive high oxygen stress environments, such as the environment produced during the reduction process of Cr(VI).     

Characterization of organic matter in total suspended particles by thermodesorption and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

The organic matter in tropospheric aerosol plays an important role in atmospheric physical and chemical processes. The bulk of organic matter, representing a significant proportion of the total suspended particulate (TSP) mass, is bound to polymeric material whose structure and properties are largely unknown. Here we used thermodesorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Td- GC/MS) to study organic compounds of low molecular mass and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to characterize the chemical structure of macromolecules in TSP samples collected in di erent seasons from di erent sites in Guangzhou. n-Alkanes, fatty acids and nitriles were the predominant compounds in the thermodesorption products, whereas aromatics, fatty acids, nitriles and n-alkanes/alkenes were the major compounds in the pyrolysates. The results indicated that aromatics were main units in macromolecules. The fatty acids and nitriles formed from carboxylic ammonium salts were detected in both thermodesorption products and pyrolysates at a certain concentration, indicating the importance of these compounds in TSP formation. The TSP source mainly determined the occurrence of compounds in samples from urban, suburban and forest sites, whereas the TSP source and formation process maybe controlled the seasonal variation in compounds detected. High levels of nitriles in summer samples from suburban and forest sites coincide with the release of ammonium from the land and of fatty acids from vegetation at these sites.