土壤-植物系统中氮锌交互作用研究进展

对几十年来有关土壤-植物系统氮锌交互作用研究现状及未来趋势进行了综述。论述了氮锌交互作用与植物生长、氮锌及其它元素的吸收、转运、积累的相互关系,以及对微生物生长及豆科作物固氮的影响;讨论了氮锌交互作用的生理生化基础及细胞亚细胞学机理;指出了氮锌交互作用的若干薄弱环节;展望了氮锌交互作用未来的研究方向。     

广东省节水与旱作农业基本情况调查报告

全省节水与旱作农业基本情况调查结果表明：干旱缺水是影响旱坡地作物产量提高的主要因子.近年来.我省采用节水灌溉技术、节水耕作技术、优化种植结构等措施,提高了水资源的利用率.今后,在旱坡地上开发节水高效农业大有潜力.     

Carbon Budget for Basic Needs:Implications of International Equity and Sustainability

The fundamental way of satisfying the basic needs of human development is to secure the basic needs,limit luxurious and wasteful emissions,and ensure the fulfillment of climate targets,so as to achieve intra-and intergenerational equity.In this paper,the author discusses and analyzes a series of challenges that the development has to face,such as poverty elimination,urbanization,and industrialization,and the problems of increased consumption that is brought about by the improvement of living standards;the author distinguishes the stock emission,which does not need annual updating,and the flow emission of regular consumption;the author also defines the standards of energy consumption and carbon emissions that can meet the basic needs.On this basis,the author proposes the concept and method of carbon budget,compares this method with other means,and in particular,studies and analyzes the implications of international equity and sustainability of carbon budget as part of the international climate regime design.     

我国机动车污染防治行业2008年发展综述

综述了我国机动车污染防治行业2008年发展状况,分析了行业发展中存在的主要问题,提出了解决对策和建议,对行业的发展进行了展望。     

Quantitation of metallothionein and cadmium in metallothionein in mink livers by anion-exchange HPLC-GFAAS method

Metallothionein (MT) has a great capacity of binding heavy metals showing an interesting connection with metal toxicology, as a biochemical marker for environmental metal pollution. Anino-exchange high per formance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to isolate and quantitate MT in livers of minks which were contaminated with heavy metals. MT isoforms (MT-I and MT-II) were eluted at approximately 11.3 and 14.3 min respectively from a DEAE-5 PW anion-exchange column with a Tris-HCl buffer (0.01 -0.25 mol/L, pH 8.6) and detected by UV absorbance at 254 nm. The cadmium concentrations in mink liver MT elutkms were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) . Obvious increase in liver MT-I concentration rather than liver MT-II was found when the minks were contaminated by feeding contaminated fish captured from the heavy metal-polluted river. The cadmium concentration in mink liver MT-I also increased to some extent as the contaminated level increased.     

经济开发区人-模交互式不确定环境系统规划方法初探

简要分析了经济开发区环境规划的特点,指出目前所采用的方法不可能有效地实现对开发区环境经济系统的优化设计。为了解决这个问题,文中提出一套基于环境承载力的不确定性人－模交互式环境系统规划方法,将大气、水及资源等子系统有机地通过模型整合起来,并充分考虑到了环境经济系统的不确定性与部分因子的不可量化性,通过人与模型的交互过程,将决策者及专家的知识和经验与模型结合起来,从而尽可能地保证规划决策结果的科学性和可操作性     

Determination of total arsenic by photo-decomposition of organoarsenic compounds and hydride generation electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

A method was developed for the determination of total arsenic concentration in less than ng/ml level by decomposition of organoarsenicals using photo -oxidation combined with in situ trapping of arsenic hydride on a palladium coated graphite tube with subsequent atomization and detection by AAS. The organoarsenicals include monomethylarsenic, dimethylarsenic, arsenobetaine, arsenocholine, o -aminobenzenarsenate and p -aminobenzenarsenate. The method is simple and sensitive. Detection limit was obtained from different arsenic compounds over the range from 0. 058 to 0.063 ng/ml as As (based on three times of the standard deviation of 10 blank measurements) and the relative standard deviations for ten replicate measurements were from 2.0 to 3.8%. The calibration curves of arsenic compounds including inorganic and organic arsenicals were linear over the range from 0.1 to 3.0 ng/ml as As. The recommended method has been applied to the determination of total arsenic in tap and lake water samples at ng/ml leve     

Study on pollution and eutrophication in the Chaohu Lake

Effect of the pollution on the Chaohu Lake ecosystem has been described based on the results obtained by analysis of water samples and field survey. The environmental behavior of pollutants and their toxicity is discussed in relation to biological effects. Most of the chemicals identified by GC/MS are biodegradable in the water environment except for some organochlorinated hydrocarbons and PAHs. The pollution of the water body particularly cutrophication has led not only to disruption of natural scenic beauty, but also to changes of biotic communities and extinction of certain species. Deterioration of water quality, eutrophication in particular have certainly had an impact on aquatic organisms and on the human health in this region.     

小麦籽粒中镉对锌的拮抗作用与有机肥的调控

研究不同的镉、锌复合污染水平对小麦籽粒锌吸收的影响及有机肥的调控作用。试验结果表明,随着土壤中外源Zn浓度的提高,小麦籽粒Zn含量显著增加;Cd和Zn复合污染的土壤上,小麦籽粒对Zn的吸收累积除受到土壤中外源Zn水平的影响外,还受到外源Cd的影响,高浓度Cd(100 mgkg-1)减少了Zn在小麦籽粒中的累积,说明Cd对小麦吸收Zn有拮抗效应;施用有机肥显著降低了1000 mgkg-1Zn污染土壤上小麦籽粒Zn含量及1000 mgkg-1Zn与100 mgkg-1Cd复合污染土壤上小麦籽粒Zn含量,而显著增加了500 mgkg-1Zn与Cd复合污染土壤上小麦籽粒Zn含量。因此,有机肥对Cd和Zn复合污染土壤上小麦籽粒Zn含量的影响与外源Cd、Zn的浓度组合有关。     

太湖春季水-气界面碳通量日变化观测研究

利用静态箱观测法对春季太湖不同生态类型(藻型、草型)的湖区春季水-气界面碳通量进行了昼夜连续观测,结果表明,水-气界面碳通量存在显著日变化规律,其极值均出现在凌晨5:00和下午2:00左右,但不同湖区碳通量的日变化存在明显差异。在富营养化较严重的梅梁湾湖区,昼间主要为大气CO2的汇,其平均碳通量为-7.74 mg/(m2h),夜间主要为大气CO2的源,其碳通量为5.32 mg/(m2h);湖心区域,夜间为大气CO2的源,日间在源和汇间波动。而在水质较好的东太湖区域,昼夜均为大气CO2的源,其平均碳通量为11.63 mg/(m2h)。