Analysis of organic compounds in coal gasification wastewater

A procedure for analysis of organic pollutants in coal gasification wastewater was developed, including a series extraction steps at different pH, followed by LC separation or resin adsorption, then analyzed by GC or GC/MS. More than 200 organic pollutants in 22 categories were determined. CH2CL2 extraction at NaHCO3 presence was used to separate carboxylic acids with phenolic compounds in aqueous. Derivatization with acetic anhydride was used for analyses of mono-, di-, poly-hydroxyl phenolic compounds. 21 mono-hydroxyl phenols and 13 di-hydroxyl phenols were determined from the coai gasification wastewater samples. Derivatization with BF3-CH3OH was used for analysis of carboxylic acid. 17 mono-carboxyl, 4 di-carboxyl acids and 6 aromatic acids were determined from coal gasification wastewater samples.     

Kinetics of hydrogen peroxide-sulfur (IV) reaction in atmospheric precipitation

The kinetics of the reaction of dissolved S(IV) with H2O2 was studied on 59 precipitation samples collected in Southwestern China, during the period of June 1988 to October 1989, from which the oxidation rates of the reaction were measured. The extent of reaction was followed by continuous amperometric measurement of the concentrations of the reagents. The two systems (i. e. rainwater and purified water) have been studied with the same methodology under identical reaction conditions (e. g. reagent concentrations, ionic strength and temperature). The kinetics was studied in no buffer solutions. The effect of formaldehyde on the reaction has also been studied, including kinetic studies in laboratory and model calculations, and it is indicated that formaldehyde with typical atmospheric concentration exerts no influence on the reaction of dissolved S(IV) with H2O2. In addition, the activation energy of the reaction was also measured in purified water as reaction medium for temperature range 0-50℃ at pH 4.0     

创建绿色学校的实践探析

环境保护，教育为本．该文回顾、总结了广州市近年来创建绿色学校的经验和体会，提出今后深入开展这一活动的若干措施。     

Rate constants for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with HFC-134a

ＲａｔｅｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｌｒａｄｉｃａｌｓｗｉｔｈＨＦＣ－１３４ａＺｈａｎｇＤｅｑｉａｎｇ，ＺｈｏｎｇＪｉｎｘｉａｎＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃ...     

硒化kappa-卡拉胶对烟民生理损伤的修复作用

本实验选择19例年龄在39—59之间,烟史为15—30a,每日吸烟量为6—20支的男性为对象,连续服用硒化kappa-卡拉胶(100ug硒/d)三个月后,对几项指标的测定结果表明:微核、双链DNA及血硒水平均有明显差异,服硒前,19例烟民中微核淋巴细胞出现率为73.7％,淋巴细胞微核出现率为1.26±1.04‰,服硒后,微核淋巴细胞出现率为42.1％,淋巴细胞微核出现率为0.52±0.70‰,P<0.01;服硒前,双链DNA的含量为7.76±2.59％,服硒后增至10.5±2.19％,P<0.01;血硒水平变化更为明显,由服硒前的76.4±15.1ppb增至服硒后的148.3±44.1ppb,P<0.01.全部病例无任何毒、副反应。实验结果初步表明:硒化kappa-卡拉胶对烟民的生理损伤具有一定的修复作用。     

施用中量微量元素对小白菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响

为研究降低蔬菜硝酸含量的施肥技术，在不同质地的土壤上设置田间试验，对小白菜施用不同的中量和微量元素。结果表明，小白菜对施用的各种中量、微量元素在不同质地的土壤上有不同的响应；在合理施氮、磷、钾肥的基础上，有选择性地适量施用中量、微量元素，不仅可提高蔬菜的产量，而且可降低其体内硝酸盐的含量。     

包埋固定化微生物法处理含油废水研究

本研究通过包埋固定化微生物法固定除油菌（Y1’菌），用于处理含油废水，并以水体中乳化油去除率为指标考察了影响乳化油降解的各种因素。选用聚乙烯醇（PVA）-海藻酸钠（SA）复配作为包埋固定化载体材料，制备成固定化微生物小球（IMB），通过实验优化了IMB制备的工艺条件。连续批次除油实验结果表明，在25-40℃，固液比1：10，HRT为6h的条件下，进水油含量在20—50mg／L，乳化油去除率可达85％-90％，出水油含量低于5mg／L。     

无锡市水环境变化及其引发的地质灾害问题与对策

随着经济的快速发展，无锡市水环境质量发生了很大的变化。由于在太湖、五里湖等湖泊周围大规模围湖造田，水域生态环境和原有水系格局被破坏，五里湖、梅梁湖水质恶化，每10年下降一个等级，太湖水质总体上呈现富营养化状态。水环境变化在一定程度上导致了地面沉降的发生，有的地区地下水位呈加速下降的趋势，有的地区已出现多个地下水位降落漏斗，后者面积达220km^2。应该加快区域供水建设步伐，调整工业结构，加强对水资源的管理和调控。     

广东省稻田肥料施用现状及其合理性评估

分析了近十几年来广东省稻田肥料的施用量以及施肥对水稻产量、土壤有机质和养分的影响,并就肥料品种搭配、养分数量及配比、施肥时期、施肥方法、肥料利用率等方面对肥料施用的合理性进行了评估。通过与国内外有关资料的对比分析.结果表明,广东省稻田肥料施用仍有较大的潜力,有必要采取措施进一步发挥,以促进农作物优质高产。     

湿地对水中磷素净化作用的研究进展

随着对湿地功能认识的加强，湿地科学研究从资源考察开始向湿地过程研究转变，尤其是全球环境问题的加剧，使得湿地对营养物质的截留功能倍受关注。磷是农业非点源污染的重要元素之一，又是导致湿地及下游水体富营养化的重要原因，研究湿地对水中磷素的净化作用是湿地生物地球化学研究和流域水环境保护研究的重要环节。文章综述了湿地系统各因子(土壤、植被、水文、微生物)及其它环境因子(如温度、CO2浓度、污染物负荷)对磷的净化作用的影响以及湿地中磷的动态模型等方面的国内外研究进展，指出在研究手段、方法和内容方面的不足，强调今后研究应注重长期连续的湿地动态监测，湿地净化功能模型和净化能力阈值以及景观生态学在湿地净化功能方面的应用。