建筑物消防系统可靠性分析

为评估建筑物消防系统的可靠性,首先将系统分为探测报警系统和灭火系统等部分,再用事件树法分析事故发生时消防系统不同部分的反应情况.通过贝叶斯理论及历史统计数据得到系统失效率的不确定性概率分布,建立消防系统可靠性随时间变化的数学模型; 用蒙特卡罗方法模拟求得系统可靠性的时间函数并对模型的不确定性参数进行敏感性分析.该方法将统计数据与经验公式、理论方法相结合,并利用蒙特卡罗方法处理模型中的不确定性,不仅能够有效估计消防系统的可靠性,还可对其他类似系统的可靠性进行分析,并通过敏感性分析为进一步减少估计的不确定性提出合理建议.     

地下储库油气爆炸及抑爆机理与技术研究

针对地下储库受限空间的特点和油气爆炸抑制的需要.在前期所完成的系统油气爆炸试验和理论研究的基础上,采用超细冷气溶胶抑爆新技术,建立地下受限空间油气爆炸及其抑爆模拟试验系统,研制出新型超细冷气溶胶粉体抑爆剂,并对其进行可行性与有效性研究.对地下受限空间油气爆炸抑制的影响因素进行研究,分析了抑爆剂作用机理.结果表明:超细冷气溶胶是一种高效的抑制地下储库油气爆炸的抑爆剂;在相同试验条件下,迎着火焰传播方向喷射抑爆剂的抑爆效果优于垂直火焰传播方向喷射抑爆剂;喷射压力存在临界值,较小较大都不利于油气爆炸抑制,在本文试验条件下.最佳抑爆效果的喷射压力临界值约为0.8 Mpa;抑爆剂用量不能低于临界抑爆浓度,实验得到的抑爆刑临界浓度为0.232 ks/m3;布置方式对抑爆效果具有明显的影响.分散布置比集中布置具有更好的抑爆效果.本文的研究对后续抑爆装置的研制提供了重要的理论参考和关键设计参数.     

三维脚型测量技术及方法的研究

本文阐述了人体脚型的测量方法及特点,比较后得出人工测量与三维扫描测量技术之间的差别。以YETI三维脚型扫描仪为模型,详细分析了脚型扫描仪的结构原理,摸索并提出了简单实用的测量方法,讨论了YETI三维脚型扫描仪获得的原始数据、脚型横截面以及脚型投影图的特点。     

嘉华电厂不设GGH湿法脱硫烟囱防腐改造探讨

对嘉华电厂不设GGH的湿法脱硫烟囱防腐技术方案进行了探讨.从嘉华电厂的烟囱及其运行特征入手,根据防腐要求提出各种可选方案;通过对方案特性的对比分析,得到最优方案.     

生态工业园区"四位一体"运行模式研究

生态工业园区是依据清洁生产要求、循环经济理念及工业生态学原理,设计建立的一种新型工业园区。生态工业园区遵从循环经济的3R原则。建设生态工业园区是一个系统工程,构建政府、企业、公众、中介组织为主的“四位一体”生态工业园区运行模式。为诚国生态工业园区理论研究的深化和实践的深入提供参考。     

A rapid spectrophotometric determination of persulfate anion in ISCO

Due to a gradual increase in the use of persulfate as an in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) oxidant, a simple measurement of persulfate concentration is desirable to analyze persulfate distribution at designated time intervals on/off a site. Such a distribution helps evaluate efficacy of ISCO treatment at a site. This work proposes a spectrophotometric determination of persulfate based on modification of the iodometric titration method. The analysis of absorption spectra of a yellow color solution resulting from the reaction of persulfate and iodide in the presence of sodium bicarbonate reveals an absorbance at 352 nm, without significant interferences from the reagent matrix. The calibration graph was linear in the range of persulfate solution concentration of 0-70 mM at 352 nm. The proposed method is validated by the iodometric titration method. The solution pH was at near neutral and the presence of iron activator does not interfere with the absorption measurement. Also, analysis of persulfate in a groundwater sample using the proposed method indicates a good agreement with measurements by the titration method. This proposed spectrophotometric quantification of persulfate provides a simple and rapid method for evaluation of ISCO effectiveness at a remediation site.     

Xα21基因导入水稻及转基因植株的鉴定

以水稻愈伤组织为受体、质粒pCXK1301为Xα21基因供体,用农杆菌EHA105和PDS－1000／He基因枪转化受体,经Hyg浓度梯度筛选,获得一些转基因水稻植株,GUS检测、PCR扩增和Southern杂交分析表明,报告基因（GUS）、选择标记基因（Hyg^r）和抗白叶枯病基因Xα21都已整合入转化水稻基因组中,Southern杂分析显示了Xα21基因在转化水稻基因组中整合的拷贝数。田间接菌鉴定表现抗白叶枯病。     

中国北方地区干旱化趋势与防御对策研究

利用最新的气象资料,计算并分析了中国北方地区与干旱有关的气象因素（可能蒸散量、水面蒸发量和降水量）的区域分布及其20世纪90年代的变化情况,结果表明,从总体上来看,20世纪90年代的干旱程度略轻于前30年的平均水平,但地区间存在显著差异,内蒙古东部地区,京津冀地区干旱有所缓解,山西大部分地区、陕西、宁夏南部、甘南及青海部分地区,则干旱有所发展,其它大部分地区的干旱程度几乎没有变化,最后,根据该地区的具体情况,提出了相应的防御干旱进一步发展的对策。     

Fluctuating asymmetry rather than oxidative stress in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bufo raddei</Emphasis> can be an accurate indicator of environmental pollution induced by heavy metals

Oxidative stress (OS) and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) as risk markers for environmental stress are widely used to predict changes in the health and fitness of many animals exposed to pollutants. However, from the perspective of protecting declining amphibians, it remains to be verified which one would be a reliable indicator for amphibians exposed to long-term heavy metal pollution under natural conditions. In this study, the OS and FA of Bufo raddei exposed to natural heavy metal pollution were analyzed to determine which marker is more accurate for indicating heavy metal-induced stress. Three years of data were collected during the breeding season of B. raddei from Baiyin (BY), which has been mainly contaminated with Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd compounds for a long period, and from Liujiaxia (LJX), which is a relatively unpolluted area. Unexpectedly, although significant accumulation of the four heavy metals was found in the kidney and liver of B. raddei from BY, the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde in these two organs were found to be irregular, with low repeatability in both BY and LJX. However, significant differences in the levels of FA were observed in B. raddei populations from these two areas over the past 3 years (P < 0.01). The degrees of FA in B. raddei populations from BY and LJX were assessed as degree 4 and 1, respectively. In short, this study suggested that FA was a more reliable and effective indicator than OS to monitor and predict long-term environmental stress on anuran amphibians.     

State of rare earth elements in different environmental components in mining areas of China

China has relatively abundant rare earth elements (REEs) reserves and will continue to be one of the major producers of REEs for the world market in the foreseeable future. However, due to the large scale of mining and refining activities, large amounts of REEs have been released to the surrounding environment and caused harmful effects on local residents. This paper summarizes the data about the contents and translocation of REEs in soils, waters, atmosphere, and plants in REE mining areas of China and discusses the characteristics of their forms, distribution, fractionation, and influencing factors. Obviously high concentrations of REEs with active and bioavailable forms are observed in all environmental media. The mobility and bioavailability of REEs are enhanced. The distribution patterns of REEs in soils and water bodies are all in line with their parent rocks. Significant fractionation phenomenon among individual members of REEs was found in soil–plant systems. However, limited knowledge was available for REEs in atmosphere. More studies focusing on the behavior of REEs in ambient air of REE mining areas in China are highly suggested. In addition, systematic study on the translocation and circulation of REEs in various media in REEs mining areas and their health risk assessment should be carried out. Standard analytical methods of REEs in environments need to be established, and more specific guideline values of REEs in foods should also be developed.