氧化节杆菌对铜溶液的吸附特性

以氧化节杆菌为吸附剂,处理Cu（NO3）2、CuSO4和CuCl2溶液,研究菌体对Cu2＋和NO3-的吸附效果,以及NO 3-、SO42-和Cl-对Cu2＋吸附的影响。结果表明氧化节杆菌对Cu2＋和NO 3-的吸附具有选择性。Cu2＋的吸附效果理想,0.1 g/L菌体在10 min时,对2 mg/L Cu2＋的吸附率达...     

Distribution, source and risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in urban soils of Beijing, China

The concentration of PCBs in urban soils of Beijing across six land types including business districts (BD), cultural and educational areas (CE), classical gardens (CG), public green (PG), residential areas (RA), and roadsides (RD) was investigated. The total concentrations of PCBs ranged from below method detection limit (M.D.L.) to 37.11 × 10⁻³ mg kg⁻¹ dry weight (mean: 11.70 × 10⁻³ mg kg⁻¹; median: 13.28 × 10⁻³ mg kg⁻¹), which was at a medium level compared with other cities around the world. In general, the levels of PCBs decreased from the center of Beijing city to the suburb, suggesting the increasing PCBs concentrations with the age of the urban area. For different types of land use, the highest level of PCBs was observed in CG soils which have the oldest age, and the homologue profiles were similar, which were predominated by lowly chlorinated congeners including di-, tri- and tetra-CBs. Principal component analysis indicated that local sources such as Aroclor 1016, 1242, and 1248 were important sources in addition to long-range transport of PCBs all over the world. Although the toxic equivalency (TEQ) concentrations of dioxin-like PCBs in all soil samples of Beijing were higher than those in other urban areas of China, they met the Canadian soil quality standard.     

紫外光-含Mn~(2+)类Fenton试剂降解活性艳红X-3B

采用紫外光(UV)-含Mn2+类Fenton试剂降解活性艳红X-3B,比较了UV-H2O2、Mn2+-H2O2和UV-Mn2+-H2O2三种体系下活性艳红X-3B的降解效果,考察了UV-Mn2+-H2O2体系中NO3-和Cl-浓度对活性艳红X-3B降解率的影响。实验结果表明:UV-Mn2+-H2O2体系中存在UV-H2O2和Mn2+-H2O2的协同作用;反应60min后活性艳红X-3B的降解率达99.30%,TOC去除率为56.45%,剩余H2O2浓度为6.28mmol/L;NO3-在紫外区的强吸收阻碍了H2O2的分解,而Cl-则是通过直接俘获溶液中的.OH来实现抑制作用。     

MBR—NF处理印染废水

采用MBR—纳滤(MBR—NF)组合工艺处理印染废水。运行结果表明:MBR出水的COD、ρ(NH3-N)和TN分别为94,0.93,8.88mg/L,COD、NH3-N和TN的平均去除率分别为87%、95.8%和70.2%,出水水质满足GB4287—92《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》中的一级标准;再经NF处理后出水COD、色度、ρ(总Fe)、ρ(总Mn)和pH分别为11～30mg/L、2.3～7.4倍、0.065～0.095mg/L、0mg/L和8.06～8.21,水质可满足印染工艺回用要求。     

电除尘器高频电源的提效节能应用

对电除尘器高频电源的基本结构、技术性能特点作了简要介绍,阐述了高频电源的提效节能原理,提供了具体应用实例作为佐证,并推荐了适合高频电源应用的场合。     

污泥循环再利用技术在油田废水处理中的应用

通过对中原油田含油污泥的再利用进行实验研究,得到结果:污泥的平均固含量为75.18%,含水量为24.82%,污泥含油量5.4%;污泥中碳酸钙含量62.15%,碳酸镁含量15.295%,氯化钠含量2.696%;在废液与污泥的掺入比例小于1:4的条件下,废液得到有效净化。污泥循环再利用技术的实施,降低了污泥产生量。     

海岸地区基于AERMOD的热力内边界层对大气污染物扩散影响的模拟研究

海岸地区热力内边界层(TIBL)对大气污染物扩散具有重要影响。选取杭州湾地区某区域为模拟区,采用一个TIBL高度的简单计算模式模拟模拟区的TIBL高度,将其耦合到空气质量模式AERMOD中,并对AERMOD的相关模块和参数进行了相应的修改,再分别利用原AERMOD和改进后的AERMOD,模拟了不同污染源情景下的大气污染物地面浓度分布。结果表明,在多数情况下,由于TIBL对于大气污染物扩散空间的限制,大气污染物的地面最大浓度有所升高,地面浓度的高值区范围也有所增加,具体影响特征取决于污染源与TIBL的相对高度以及污染源距离海岸的相对位置。     

GIS支持下的锡林郭勒盟旱灾救灾区划初探

基于自然灾害系统理论,构建内蒙古锡林郭勒盟的旱灾评价系统模式,表明灾情是致灾因子、孕灾环境和承灾体综合作用的产物。以锡林郭勒盟的旱灾程度、救灾等级、备灾能力（经济水平与社会状况）、应急能力（物资储备及物流通达水平）、恢复能力（恢复与重建）等重要指标为核心,对锡林郭勒盟的旱灾灾前、灾中、灾后三个阶段的响应能力进行评价与地域划分,并与锡林郭勒盟的旱灾等级区划相结合,构建了灾害-响应程度模型。     

自然灾害知觉的不安全心理特性与调适建议——基于北京大学生的调查分析

研究公众自然灾害知觉中的不安全因素,有助于开展有针对性的减灾宣教活动、构建社会预防文化。通过问卷方式,调查了北京5所高校大学生的自然灾害知觉现状及特征。统计分析显示,大学生自然灾害知觉中存在不安全心理特性,主要表现在：对自身灾害知识和经验存在过高估计的乐观偏差;在灾害预期中表现出悲观的心理噪声效应;面对自然灾害多数出现消极情绪,其应急行为倾向呈负距平状态;防灾减灾过程中对政府行为依赖性、服从性高。在此基础上,提出了通过普及正确防灾知识、完善心理防御机制、强化能动意识等重塑大学生灾害知觉、调适灾害行为的建议。     

Photolysis of low concentration H2S under UV/VUV irradiation emitted from microwave discharge electrodeless lamps

The photolysis of simulating low concentration of hydrogen sulfide malodorous gas was studied under UV irradiation emitted by self-made microwave discharge electrodeless lamps (i.e. microwave UV electrodeless mercury lamp (185/253.7 nm) and iodine lamp (178.3/180.1/183/184.4/187.6/206.2 nm)). Experiments results showed that the removal efficiency (eta H2S) of hydrogen sulfide was decreased with increasing initial H2S concentration and increased slightly with gas residence time; H2S removal efficiency was decreased dramatically with enlarged pipe diameter. Under the experimental conditions with pipe diameter of 36 mm, gas flow rate of 0.42 standard l s(-1), eta H2S was 52% with initial H2S concentration of 19.5 mg m(-3) by microwave mercury lamp, the absolute removal amount (ARA) was 4.30 microg s(-1), and energy yield (EY) was 77.3 mg kW h(-1); eta H2S was 56% with initial H2S concentration of 18.9 mg m(-3) by microwave iodine lamp, the ARA was 4.48 microg s(-1), and the EY was 80.5mg kW h(-1). The main photolysis product was confirmed to be SO4(2-) with IC.