北京市大气重污染过程中AQI的时空扩散特征及其预测模型

通过对北京市大气重度污染时段AQI与气象因子分析,探讨AQI的时间和空间变化特征,并建立了AQI的空间预测模型。结果表明:1)风速>2.5 m/s,且持续时间长(超过5 h)时,AQI曲线特征呈现倒"V"型。若其在1.7 m/s中部>北部,4 d后则中部>南部>北部。3)各方向上中部和北部的AQI预测模型中幂函数模型精度最高,且两者受西南方向的影响最大。     

Soil microbial response to waste potassium silicate drilling fluid

Potassium silicate drilling fluids (PSDF) are a waste product of the oil and gas industry with potential for use in land reclamation. Few studies have examined the influence of PSDF on abundance and composition of soil bacteria and fungi. Soils from three representative locations for PSDF application in Alberta, Canada, with clay loam, loam and sand textures were studied with applications of unused, used once and used twice PSDF. For all three soils, applying ≥ 40 m³/ha of used PSDF significantly affected the existing soil microbial flora. No microbiota was detected in unused PSDF without soil. Adding used PSDF to soil significantly increased total fungal and aerobic bacterial colony forming units in dilution plate counts, and anaerobic denitrifying bacteria numbers in serial growth experiments. Used PSDF altered bacterial and fungal colony forming unit ratios of all three soils.     

长期施肥下浙江稻田不同颗粒组分有机碳的稳定特征

依托浙江水网地区稻田长期定位施肥试验(1996~2013年),利用固态13C核磁共振波谱技术,研究长期不同施肥措施下土壤各颗粒组分有机碳含量及其化学结构特征.结果表明,与不施肥对照(CK)相比,秸秆与化肥配施(NPKRS)、栏肥与化肥配施(NPKOM)、单施化肥(NPK)和单施栏肥(OM)处理均显著(P0.05)增加了砂粒(2~0.02 mm)、粉粒(0.02~0.002mm)和黏粒(0.002 mm)组分中有机碳含量;而单施秸秆(RS)处理仅显著增加砂粒组分有机碳含量.此外,与单施化肥处理相比,有机肥和化肥配施促进了新增有机碳在粉粒和黏粒组分的分配,更有利于新增有机碳的稳定.应用13C-NMR波谱技术进行结构表征,结果表明粉粒和黏粒组分有机碳的化学结构存在明显差异,粉粒组分烷氧碳、芳香碳的相对含量高于黏粒,而烷基碳、羰基碳的相对含量低于黏粒.长期有机肥与化肥配施下粉粒和黏粒烷基碳相对含量较单施有机肥处理分别降低9.1%~11.9%和13.7%~19.9%,烷氧碳的相对含量则分别增加2.9%~6.3%和13.4%~22.1%,表明有机肥与化肥配施处理降低了粉粒和黏粒组分有机碳的分解程度.长期单施化肥处理下粉粒和黏粒组分有机质的芳化度和疏水性低于单施有机肥处理和不施肥处理,有机质的矿化稳定性较低.长期有机肥与化肥配施,尤其是NPKOM处理,通过增加化学抗性化合物和碳水化合物的积累,并且减缓活性组分的分解提高粉粒和黏粒组分有机碳含量,是促进稻田土壤有机碳可持续积累的有效措施.     

环境保护“十二·五”规划——目标、任务与动力

围绕国家和自治区的总体要求,结合包头市实际,明确了包头市“十二·五”环境保护工作的指导思想、总体目标,以削减总量、改善质量、防范风险为主线,按环境要素提出了“十二·五”环境保护工作的重点任务和动力机制,为科学编制“十二·五”环境保护规划奠定了基础。     

Enhanced electrochemical oxidation of phenol by introducing ferric ions and UV radiation

The mineralization of phenol in aerated electrochemical oxidation has been investigated.The results show that a cathodic Fenton process can occur when the Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni alloy material is used as cathode in solution containing ferric or ferrous ions; moreover,the reinforcement of cathodic Fenton process on the total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate of phenol is quite distinct.Among the metallic ions investigated,the ferric ion is the best catalyst for the electrochemical mineralization of phenol at initial...     

矿产资源规划环境影响评价指标体系及方法的探讨

为了减少矿产资源开发过程中对环境造成的影响,从源头上控制污染,最有效的方法之一就是对矿产资源规划进行环境影响评论.结合中国矿产资源规划的情况,从矿产资源的特点出发,提出了以自然地理环境、地貌环境、大气环境、水环境、生态环境和社会经济环境等六类环境影响组成作为评价因子,并探讨了可适用于矿产资源规划环境影响评价的方法:环境成本-效益分析法,基于可持续发展能力的评价方法.这为矿产资源规划环境影响评价提供了借鉴.     

Sedimentary Pigments and Organic Matter in Relation to Benthic Fauna in the Tan-Shui Estuary, Taiwan

The benthic ecological structure of the Tan-Shui estuary, Taiwan is changed due to long term effects of dumping of urban wastewater and of engineering actions. to monitor these changes, we sampled and analyzed benthos and sediment from 12 stations on the estuary.

The composition of the dominant species of benthos varied seasonally, with molluscan and crustacean species having greater numbers and higher frequencies of occurrence than other species. the dominant taxa during winter were Nassarius sp. and Maldanidae at two stations. Analysis using Simpson's index and Shannon's index showed the benthic community varied more in coastal areas than in offshore areas.

Physicochemical analysis showed that most of the Tan-Shui estuary consisted of sandy sediment. the variations in concentrations of organic carbon and total nitrogen at each station were small. Although the concentrations of chlorophyll-a and carotenoid at all stations were generally low, the two stations had the highest concentrations, and we concluded that the concentration of pigments in these sediments was related to the abundance of benthos. the community structure of the benthos reflected the characteristics of the sediments, and benthic species exhibited selection of and adaptation to specific sedimentary environments.     

《地震学刊》的刊徽设计

提出了刊徽设计的原则和要求。所设计的《地震学刊》的刊徽是个由经纬网格所构成的公转着的地球。经纬网格由ＳＪ两个字母和两条细线所组成。ＳＪ为《地震学刊》英文名和江苏的汉语拼音名的缩写。Ｓ表示大地震所激发的地球自由振动的一阶振型；两条细线既表示经线，又表示地球自由振动的基振型。     

论效应空间与有偿减灾投入心理对策

本文提出了减灾效应空间问题,并分析了其在有偿减灾中的作用机制,以及与其有关的减灾投入心理与费用支付合理化问题。进而探讨了宣传、强制、分割、别类、约束、归并等促进有偿减灾良性发展的部分机理。     

中国北方地区干旱化趋势与防御对策研究

利用最新的气象资料,计算并分析了中国北方地区与干旱有关的气象因素（可能蒸散量、水面蒸发量和降水量）的区域分布及其20世纪90年代的变化情况,结果表明,从总体上来看,20世纪90年代的干旱程度略轻于前30年的平均水平,但地区间存在显著差异,内蒙古东部地区,京津冀地区干旱有所缓解,山西大部分地区、陕西、宁夏南部、甘南及青海部分地区,则干旱有所发展,其它大部分地区的干旱程度几乎没有变化,最后,根据该地区的具体情况,提出了相应的防御干旱进一步发展的对策。