沸石强化生化装置脱氮功能的效果及机理初探

针对石化工业废水开展沸石强化脱氮处理试验研究,通过比较沸石浓度25mg/L与空白,以及沸石浓度25 mg/L与50mg/L两阶段脱氮效果,探讨沸石促进脱氮功能的机理,结果表明,曝气池中投加沸石可明显提高氨氮和总氮的去除率,硝化细菌总数和硝化功能也得到增强。与空白对照组相比, 沸石浓度25mg/L的试验组运行稳定后,氨氮去除率提高约10%~13%,总氮去除率约提高13%,出水中NO3--N含量约提高100%,氨氮与总氮之比下降6%,内源硝化耗氧呼吸速率可提高138%,硝化细菌总数是空白对照组2.2folds。沸石浓度提高到50mg/L后,试验组的脱氮效果略有增加,但效果不明显。通过对试验结果的关联分析,认为沸石提高系统脱氮能力的原因一方面是因为沸石对NH4+及硝态氮的交换吸附,另一方面NH4+离子富集于沸石表面及内部、沸石颗粒独特的好氧-缺氧微环境,以及沸石离解出CO32- 或HCO3-增加碱度等条件,促进了硝化细菌和反硝化细菌的生长,从而提高了系统脱氮能力。     

Effect of platinum on the photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated organic compound

TiO2 nanoparticles, doped with di erent Pt contents, were prepared by a modified photodeposition method using Degussa P-25 TiO2, H2PtCl6 6H2O and methanol as the solvents. The physicochemical properties of Pt/TiO2 were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm measurement technique, X-ray di raction analysis and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Reaction rates from photocatalytic removal of dichloromethane over Degussa P-25 TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 were evaluated. The average diameter and BET surface area of the TiO2 catalyst particles were 300 nm and 50 m2/g, respectively. The degradation e ciency was 99.0%, 82.7%, 55.2%, and 57.9% with TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. And the degradation e ciency was 99.3%, 79.7%, 76.5%, and 73.4% with a 0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. In addition, we found that the photoluminescence emission peak intensities decreased with increases in the doping amount of Pt, which indicates that the irradiative recombination was weakened. Furthermore, the results showed that the UV/0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 process was capable of e ciently decomposing gaseous DCM in air.     

Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by calcium alginate immobilized kaolin

Kaolin has been widely used as an adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. However, the lower heavy metal adsorption capacity of kaolin limits its practical application. A novel environmental friendly material, calcium alginate immobilized kaolin (kaolin/CA), was prepared using a sol-gel method. The e ects of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature on Cu2+ adsorption by kaolin/CA were investigated. The Langmuir isotherm was used to describe the experimental adsorption, the maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity of the kaolin/CA reached up to 53.63 mg/g. The thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption reaction was a spontaneous and endothermic process.     

Preparation and microwave absorbing properties of the core-nanoshell composite absorbers with the magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere as core

Electromagnetic (EM) wave pollution has become the chief physical pollution for environment. The core-nanoshell composite absorbers with magnetic fly-ash hollow cenosphere as core and nanocrystalline magnetic material as shell were prepared by high-energy ball milling. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and vector network analyzer (VNA) analysis indicated that perfect-crystalline nanomagnetic material coating was gotten with a particle size of 12 nm, being dried at 60°C for 2 hr and calcined at 400°C for 1 hr after ball milling. The exchange-coupling interaction happened between ferrite of cenosphere and soft magnet γ-Fe₂03 coating, it enhances magnetic loss of composite absorbers. In the frequency between 1 MHz and 1 GHz, the absorbing effectiveness of the core-nanoshell composite absorbers can achieve ?30 dB, it is better than single material and is consistent with requirements of the microwave absorbing material at the low-frequency absorption.     

湘中锑矿区土壤重金属锑的污染特征

文章研究调查了冷水江锡矿山锑矿区、桃江板溪锑矿区、桃江马迹塘锑矿区、桃江武潭锑矿区、安化符竹溪金锑矿区及安化渣滓溪锑矿区及周围土壤中锑的含量及形态分布.结果表明:各矿区土壤中总锑含量范嗣为185.6-2 081.3 mg/kg,大大超过了土壤中锑的背景值,表明各矿区土壤已被严重污染.采用Tessier逐级提取法对土壤中...     

大型炼化一体化项目清洁生产评价实例研究

炼化一体化、装置大型化为炼油项目的发展趋势,符合清洁生产、循环经济原则。目前炼化一体化项目尚无相应的清洁生产标准。综合指标评价法将定性指标量化与定量指标统一起来,从而能从整体上做出一个明确的判断结果。以国内同行业先进企业各项指标为基准值,对某1000万t/a炼油、100万t/a乙烯一体化项目实例研究表明,采用综合指标评价法进行清洁生产评价,使得定性分析和定量评价结果得到了较好的吻合,评价结果更具科学性与实用性。综合指标评价法不仅可以用于大型炼化一体化项目环境影响评价时的清洁生产评价,也可用于现有工程的清洁生产审核以及企业实施清洁生产绩效评价。     

燃煤电厂烟气氮氧化物排放控制技术发展现状

在广泛查阅文献的基础上,对近年来国内外已成功应用和正在研究开发的一些主要的燃煤烟气氮氧化物控制技术进行了介绍。结合我国目前脱硝行业整体水平和国家环保政策要求,对我国脱硝行业技术研发方向提出了建议。     

沈阳市生活垃圾排放现状及产生量预测

随着城市化进程加快、人口数量快速增加及人民生活水平普遍提高,城市生活垃圾管理已成为世界各国,特别是发展中国家城市面临的主要挑战.作为中国东北最大的中心城市,沈阳正面临城市生活垃圾产生量急剧增加的现状.文章通过对沈阳市城市生活垃圾排放现状的分析,发现2002年后沈阳市生活垃圾产生量和清运量逐年增加,生活垃圾成分变化显著....     

超声波辅助提取雨水管道沉积物中磷的存在形态

在SMT法的基础上采用超声波技术对实验条件进行优化,用于雨水管道沉积物中磷的提取。通过对提取时间、提取温度等影响提取效率的因素进行分析,确定了提高闭蓄态磷提取效率的条件,从而建立了管道沉积物中磷形态分析的最佳条件。在确定的最佳提取条件下对北京城区雨水管道内沉积物中磷的存在形态进行提取,并对不同形态磷的污染水平和分布状况进行分析,结合环境状况等因素对不同形态磷的污染特性进行了综合研究。     

PAS-PDMDAAC复合混凝剂研究

以Al2（SO）4和PDMDAAC为原料进行了无机-有机复合絮凝剂的复合实验研制,确定其制备工艺条件,并对油田现场采集的钻井废水作絮凝沉降实验,所研制的PAS-PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂对COD的去除效率可大大提高.