地震条件下尾矿坝稳定性分析

坝体稳定性不足引起的溃坝事件是尾矿库常见的一种病患。本文以某尾矿库为工程背景，运用拟静力法分析了尾矿坝在地震条件下的稳定性，运用理正岩土软件对其结果进行必要的校核，得出影响运用该方法计算尾矿坝地震稳定性精确性的重要因素——超空隙水压力变化值，该变化值主要由坝体材料渗透性决定，在此基础上提出了相应的安全对策。     

示踪技术用于气体泄漏扩散模拟的多元线性回归分析

采用江苏工业学院油气储运安全综合实验模型平台,利用示踪技术(以CO2为示踪剂),模拟了有害气体瞬时泄漏扩散的整个过程.并结合多元线性回归分析的基本方法,定量分析了气体泄漏扩散过程,建立了多元线性回归模型,初步确定了泄漏气体浓度与相关物理量的变化关系,在此基础上得到了2个定量评价指标:确定性系数R=0.991,相关系数r=0.995.研究表明,在实验室建立的试验模型能较好地反映现实情况,模型仿真度较高,数据拟合效果较好.研究可为评价模型的相似性提供理论参考,对有害气体泄漏扩散事故应急救援、实施有效的现场控制,具有一定的科学参考价值.     

夏季闽江CDOM的空间分布与降解特征

利用三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析技术(EEMs-PARAFAC)以及微生物和光降解实验等方法,分析夏季闽江下游-河口区有色溶解有机质(CDOM)的组成、分布及其降解特征.结果表明,闽江下游-河口区CDOM存在三类荧光组分:类腐殖质、类酪氨酸和类色氨酸;类腐殖质是河段CDOM的主要荧光组分,在河口区随着盐度增加主要的荧光组分逐渐变为类蛋白质.CDOM的丰度变化呈现出明显的空间分布格局:河段CDOM的吸收系数a(280)较低,进入市区后有所增加,到了郊区呈现下降的趋势,而在河口区迅速下降;保守估计福州市区对闽江CDOM的贡献为8%.河段a(280)易被微生物降解和光降解,降解率分别为(28±8)%和(44±7)%,其生物可利用性和光化学活性远高于受海源CDOM影响的河口区;类腐殖质、类酪氨酸和类色氨酸荧光组分在河段具有较高的光化学活性,降解率分别为(75±0.5)%、(58±21)%和(73±3)%,但不易被微生物降解,而且在28 d微生物培养后出现类腐殖质的累积.     

Effect of organic matter on phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge subjected to microwave hybrid pretreatment

Microwave (MW) hybrid processes are able to disrupt the flocculent structure of complex waste activated sludge, and help promote the recovery of phosphorus as struvite. In this study, to optimize struvite yield, (1) the characteristics of matter released in MW-hybrid treatments were compared, including MW, MW-acid, MW-alkali, MW-H₂O₂, and MW-H₂O₂-alkali. The results showed that selective release of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, Ca^2 +, and Mg^2 + achieved by sludge pretreatment using MW-hybrid processes. MW-H₂O₂ is the recommended sludge pretreatment process for phosphorus recovery in the form of struvite. The ratio of Mg^2 +:NH₄⁺-N:PO₄^3 −-P was 1.2:2.9:1 in the supernatant. (2) To clarify the effects of organic matter on struvite recovery, the composition and molecular weight distribution of organic matters were analyzed. Low molecular weight COD was found to facilitate the removal rate of NH₄⁺-N and PO₄³-P via crystallization, and the amorphous struvite crystals (< 1 kDa) from the filtered solutions had high purity. Therefore, the present study reveals the necessity of taking into consideration the interference effect of high molecular weight organic matters during struvite crystallization from sewage sludge.     

Differences in rheological and fractal properties of conditioned and raw sewage sludge

Rheological tests for raw and conditioned activated sludge(AS) or anaerobic digested sludge(ADS) show that power-law relationships can be used to describe the evolution of several rheological parameters,i.e.,limiting viscosity(η∞),yield stress(τy),cohesion energy of the sludge network(Ec),and storage modulus(G’),with total suspended solid(TSS) content in raw and conditioned sludge.A gel-like structure that behaves similar to weak-link flocs/aggregates was observed in AS and ADS.As derived from the double-logarithmic plots of G’-TSS content,the mass fractal dimensions of the raw and conditioned AS or ADS flocs/aggregates were 2.70 and 2.53 or 2.85 and 2.79,respectively.The rheological tests also indicate that both polymer conditioning and increased TSS content led to improved elastic behavior,cohesion energy,and yield stress of the sludge network,as well as expanded the corresponding linear viscoelastic range.The porosity of AS or ADS flocs/aggregates will be improved by polymer conditioning.     

车载巡测在区域射频电磁环境质量监测与表征中的应用分析

对北京中央电视塔周围25 km²区域电磁环境质量分别进行了射频的网格法手工监测和车载巡测自动监测，通过SPSS软件等对两种监测方法获取的数据进行了统计对比分析，发现两组数据在总体水平及数值分布特征上较为接近，因此车载巡测监测可以替代网格法监测。以车载巡测数据为基础，绘制了实测数据的道路电磁地图，利用插值法绘制了区域电磁地图，对区域电磁环境质量进行了直观表征。从回应公众关注和城市电磁规划出发，建议今后可利用车载巡测监测加强时域和频域的监测。     

电化学还原-氧化工艺降解4-氯酚的毒性研究

采用紫外光还原法制备了Pd-Fe/石墨烯催化阴极,并以Ti/IrO_2/RuO_2为阳极,构成三电极体系(双阴极)和两电极体系(单阴极)的电化学还原-氧化降解工艺,分别对4-氯酚进行降解.采用离子色谱、高效液相色谱、TOC仪对4-氯酚降解过程中中间产物及其浓度进行测定.根据公式计算降解过程中理论计算毒性值,应用发光细菌法测定降解过程中的实际毒性值,对理论计算毒性值与实际毒性值进行比较,分析不同体系下降解过程中毒性的变化规律.结果表明,两种工艺体系在最佳降解条件下,阴极室毒性均呈下降的趋势,由于降解过程中在阳极室生成高毒性的苯醌,阳极室毒性均先升高后降低.通过相关性分析得到,两种体系理论计算毒性与实际毒性在P=0.01水平下,相关性系数均为1,显著相关,表明降解过程中实际毒性的测定结果真实可靠.降解至120 min时,三电极体系毒性小于两电极体系,表明三电极体系优于两电极体系.据此提出实际毒性测定方法在电化学还原-氧化工艺降解氯酚类有机废水毒性测试的工业应用中有着广泛的前景.     

有机溶剂浸取石油污染土壤中的多环芳烃

采用索氏提取法和气相色谱分析了某炼油厂周边土壤中的多环芳烃的种类及含量,考察了6种有机溶剂对土壤中多环芳烃的浸取效果,探讨了溶剂与溶质溶解度参数差异对浸取效果的影响。结果表明：土壤试样中含有蒽、荧蒽、芘、 、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽和苯并[a]芘8种多环芳烃,其含量分别为4.20,22.05,10.62,4.26,5.54,0.80,0.94,4.18 mg/kg;筛选出二氯甲烷作为土壤中多环芳烃的浸取溶剂;最佳浸取条件为浸取时间10 min、浸取温度30 ℃、溶剂与土壤的液固比5:1（mL/g）、土壤含水量8%,在此条件下,总多环芳烃浸出率为83.0%,各种多环芳烃的浸出率分别为蒽97.8%、荧蒽78.2%、芘99.9%、 98.5%、苯并[a]蒽81.1%、苯并[b]荧蒽47.6%、苯并[k]荧蒽14.8%、苯并[a]芘58.7%。     

The role of doped-Mn on enhancing arsenic removal by MgAl-LDHs

To meet the challenges posed by global arsenic water contamination, the MgAlMn-LDHs with extraordinary efficiency of arsenate removal was developed. In order to clarify the enhancement effect of the doped-Mn on the arsenate removal performance of the LDHs, the cluster models of the MgAlMn-LDHs and MgAl-LDHs were established and calculated by using density functional theory (DFT). The results shown that the doped-Mn can significantly change the electronic structure of the LDHs and improve its chemical activity. Compared with the MgAl-LDHs that without the doped-Mn, the HOMO-LUMO gap was smaller after doping. In addition, the -OH and Al on the laminates were also activated to improve the adsorption property of the LDHs. Besides, the doped-Mn existed as a novel active site. On the other hand, the MgAlMn-LDHs with the doped-Mn, the increased of the binding energy, as well as the decreased of the ion exchange energy of interlayer Cl⁻, making the ability to arsenate removal had been considerably elevated than the MgAl-LDHs. Furthermore, there is an obvious coordination covalent bond between arsenate and the laminates of the MgAlMn-LDHs that with the doped-Mn.     

La-PTFE共掺杂二氧化铅电极的制备及其性能研究

以Ti为基体,掺杂La2O3和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE),通过电沉积法制备了Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PTFE+La2O3+β-PbO2电极,并将所制备的电极应用于亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水的降解.结果发现,与常规的Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PTFE+β-PbO2电极相比,Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PTFE+La2O3+β-PbO2电极对亚甲基蓝及COD有较好的去除效果.含有La2O3活性层的Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PTFE+La2O3+β-PbO2电极在电解质浓度为0.15mol.L-1,电极极距为6.0cm的酸性条件下降解亚甲基蓝的效果最佳.降解3.0h后,对100mg.L-1亚甲基蓝的去除率可达到97.92%,对COD去除率为93.39%.SEM结果显示,Ti/SnO2+Sb2O3/PTFE+La2O3+β-PbO2电极表面颗粒鲜明,比表面积增大,改善了电极的微观结构和催化效果.电化学测试表明,La2O3的掺杂显著提高了二氧化铅电极的析氧过电位,显示出较好的应用前景.