高压脉冲电凝-Fenton-生化法处理制药废水

通过高压脉冲电凝-Fenton对制药废水进行预处理,出水进入UASB-AO生化处理系统.研究表明:高压脉冲电凝-Fenton氧化法的最佳工况条件为进水pH值为4.0左右,高压脉冲电凝反应时间为45 min,H2O2投加量为4mL/L,Fenton氧化时间为60min.高压脉冲电凝-Fenton对CODCr去除率为36.5%～39.2%,ρ(BOD5)/ρ(CODCr)从0.13提高到0.32-0.34,废水的可生化性大大提高,UASB厌氧反应器去除率为81.4%～82.1%,AO系统去除率为88.0%～88.5%,而整个生化处理系统对CODCr去除率为95.4%～97.9%,最终出水各项指标可达到GB 8978-1996<污水综合排放标准>中一级标准.     

好氧颗粒污泥处理青霉素废水研究

青霉素在其生产过中产生大量的废水,其COD值较高,生化性较差,成分复杂,微生物难以降解,其处理技术是世界性难题。文章采用以葡萄糖模拟废水培养的好氧颗粒污泥为接种体,经青霉素废水逐步驯化后,使其完全处理青霉素废水。实验结果表明,应用好氧颗粒污泥技术,处理青霉素废水,COD,NH3_N,TP去除率较高,具有很好的处理效果。     

有机改性膨润土在印染废水处理中的应用

膨润土是一种非常有用的非金属矿物原料,其有机改性得到的有机改性膨润土可以较好地去除印染废水中的有机污染物和色度。本文综述了有机改性膨润土的制备方法及其在印染废水处理中的应用现状。     

基于物联网技术的滑坡监测数据自动采集系统研究∗

针对传统滑坡监测数据采集系统布线困难、自动化程度低、成本高等问题,设计了一种基于物联网技术的滑坡监测数据自动采集系统。该系统以 ZigBee 无线传感器网络、无线通信技术为核心,通过布置在滑坡体上的传感器节点采集数据。利用 ZigBee 协议和互联网将数据实时传输到监控中心,使相关工作人员及时掌握滑坡体信息。 以三峡库区八字门滑坡为例,分析了该滑坡当前监测手段的不足,建立了八字门滑坡的物联网监测系统,分别对系统的硬件组成和软件程序进行设计。针对节点能量供应和数据远程传输问题,提出将太阳能供电系统和北斗短报文模块应用到数据采集系统来弥补野外条件的不足。结合八字门滑坡的地形地质条件,优化了滑坡测点的布置方案,并开发了数据采集界面以实现监测数据的自动采集和直观显示。     

Debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether by organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron：Preparation, characterization and influence factors

An organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron material(M-NZVI) was synthesized to degrade decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-209). The results showed that nanoscale zero-valent iron had good dispersion on organo-montmorillonite and was present as a core-shell structure with a particle size range of nanoscale iron between 30–90 nm, characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XRF, ICP-AES, and XPS. The results of the degradation of BDE-209 by M-NZVI showed that the efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 was much higher than that of NZVI. The efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 decreased as the pH and the initial dissolved oxygen content of the reaction solution increased, but increased as the proportion of water in the reaction solution increased.     

Catalytic bubble-free hydrogenation reduction of azo dye by porous membranes loaded with palladium nanoparticles

Catalytic bubble-free hydrogenation reduction of azo dye by porous membranes loaded with palladium （Pd） nanoparticles was studied for the first time. The effects of Pd loading, dye concentration and reuse repetitions of membranes were investigated. In reduction, the dye concentration decreased whereas the pH rose gradually. An optimal Pd loading was found. The catalytic membranes were able to be reused more than 3 times.     

Carbonyl emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust in China and the contribution to ozone formation potential

Fifteen heavy-duty diesel vehicles were tested on chassis dynamometer by using typical heavy duty driving cycle and fuel economy cycle. The air from the exhaust was sampled by 2,4- dinitrophenyhydrazine cartridge and 23 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The average emission factor of carbonyls was 97.2 mg/km, higher than that of light-duty diesel vehicles and gasoline-powered vehicles. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and propionaidehyde were the species with the highest emission factors. Main influencing factors for carbonyl emissions were vehicle type, average speed and regulated emission standard, and the impact of vehicle loading was not evident in this study. National emission of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was calculated for China, 2011, based on both vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption. Carbonyl emission of diesel vehicle was estimated to be 45.8 Gg, and was comparable to gasolinepowered vehicles （58.4 Gg）. The emissions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 12.6, 6.9, 3.8 Gg, respectively. The ozone formation potential of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was 537 mg O3/km, higher than 497 mg O3/km of none-methane hydrocarbons emitted from diesel vehicles.     

基于主成分-聚类分析模型的生态环境脆弱性分析:以平潭综合实验区为例

目前对平潭综合实验区(平潭主岛)脆弱性评价方面的研究仅有地下水系统的脆弱性研究,对生态环境方面的脆弱性研究尚未见诸文献中。针对此情况,文章首先从自然因素、人为干扰因素和环境因素3个方面构建了生态环境脆弱性指标体系,然后运用主成分-聚类分析模型对平潭综合实验区的生态环境脆弱性进行分区。脆弱性分区结论为平潭综合实验区总体为中强度脆弱,其中极强脆弱区为白青乡,强度脆弱区为北厝镇和苏澳镇,中度脆弱区为中楼乡、澳前镇和敖东镇,轻度脆弱区为平原镇、潭城镇和流水镇,微脆弱区为芦洋乡。文章从增加防护林的面积和种类、调整优化土地利用结构、开展生态功能区划和生态环境保护规划的编制工作三方面提出了降低研究区域生态环境脆弱性的对策措施。     

双组分VOCs的催化氧化及动力学分析

考察了微波加热与管式炉加热下挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)甲苯与氯苯的催化氧化性能,并对双组分VOCs的反应动力学进行了分析.结果表明,VOCs的竞争吸附使得双组分中甲苯和氯苯的转化率比单组分降低3%~12%;微波的"热点效应"与"非热效应"使得VOCs转化效率明显优于管式炉加热,尤其是氯苯的转化率提高了31%~38%;微波加热降低了氧化反应温度和处理能耗.动力学分析表明,微波加热下甲苯和氯苯的反应活化能比管式炉加热下减少了2146 J·mol-1和1450J·mol-1,微波加热下氯苯的化学反应速率常数是管式炉加热的35倍,甲苯的反应速率常数提高了6倍.     

一株耐低温石油降解菌的鉴定及降解特性

在低温条件下(15℃),从抚顺石油二厂曝气池活性污泥中驯化和分离得到一株以柴油为碳源的降解菌株Q21,通过菌体形态、生理生化反应特性和16S rDNA基因测序分析对其进行鉴定.菌株Q21为琼式不动杆菌(Acinetobacter junii),该菌株利用柴油生长的最佳条件为:接种量为10%,生长温度为15℃,pH值为7.0,摇床转速为150 r·min-1,盐度为0.5%~1.0%,降解率为71.50%;降解后的残油组分经GC-MS分析结果表明,菌株Q21能降解柴油中所含的C9~C24之间大部分烷烃.