Mo6+对活性污泥系统反硝化性能的影响

采用对比实验的方法,在不同初始硝酸盐氮和COD质量浓度的条件下,对人工模拟的活性污泥系统投加不同质量浓度的Mo6 ,以此考察Mo6 对活性污泥系统反硝化性能的影响。结果发现,Mo6 的质量浓度小于5mg?L-1以下时能够促进硝酸盐氮的去除,质量浓度为1mg?L-1时促进效果最好。Mo6 的质量浓度在4mg?L-1以下时,可以使COD去除效率增加,质量浓度为2mg?L-1时有最佳促进作用。Mo6 的质量浓度小于1g?L-1时可提高反硝化活性污泥的TTC-脱氢酶活性,过高质量浓度则表现出抑制作用。综合Mo6 的对硝酸盐氮和COD去除的影响规律以及对活性污泥TTC-脱氢酶活性的影响,认为Mo6 在质量浓度为1mg?L-1时对反硝化的促进作用最强。     

转基因食品安全评价及其市场前景

介绍了转基因食品的分类和来源,探讨了转基因食品的价值、潜在威胁以及目前世界各国对转基因食品的安全评价与监督管理,分析了转基因食品的市场前景。总体看,转基因食品的市场前景非常广阔。     

日本汽车行业加大环保研发投入的启示

通过对日本汽车行业在环保领域的资金投入状况分析,明确了其加大环保研发投入,实现企业利益与社会公益责任双赢的发展方向.并结合我国的实际情况,提出了针对我国汽车行业发展的建议.     

Enhanced degradation of azo dye alizarin yellow R in a combined process of iron–carbon microelectrolysis and aerobic bio-contact oxidation

Purpose

With the aim of enhanced degradation of azo dye alizarin yellow R (AY) and further removal of the low-strength recalcitrant matter (LsRM) of the secondary effluent as much as possible, our research focused on the combination of aerobic bio-contact oxidation (ABO) with iron/carbon microelectrolysis (ICME) process.

Materials and methods

The combined ABO (with effective volume of 2.4?l) and ICME (with effectively volume of 0.4?l) process were studied with relatively short hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 or 6?h.

Results

At the HRT of 6?h with the reflux ratio of 1 and 2, the AY degradation efficiency in the final effluent was >96.5%, and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency were 69.86% and 79.44%, respectively. At the HRT of 4?h and the reflux ratio of 2, TOC removal efficiency and AY degradation efficiency were 73.94% and 94.89%, respectively. The ICME process obviously enhanced the total AY removal and the generated micromolecule acids and aldehydes then that wastewater backflow to the ABO where they were further biodegraded.

Conclusion

The present research might provide the potential options for the advanced treatment azo dyes wastewater with short HRT and acceptable running costs.     

地下水PRB原位生物修复中一种释氧材料的改进技术及效果分析

释氧材料经济有效的释氧是地下水原位生物修复的关键因素。实验通过在释氧材料中加入膨润土、磷酸二氢钾和硫酸铵等,改进释氧材料的性能。柱实验结果显示,该释氧材料释氧速率缓慢,释氧时间长,可以使溶液中DO长期保持在5 mg/L以上;另外,释氧材料中添加的缓冲剂及天然含水层介质对pH值有较好的缓冲作用,可以使pH值达到后续生物修复的要求。     

Biofilm formation and microbial community analysis of the simulated river bioreactor for contaminated source water remediation

Background, aim, and scope

The start-up pattern of biofilm remediation system affects the biofilm characteristics and operating performances. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performances of the contaminated source water remediation systems with different start-up patterns in view of the pollutants removal performances and microbial community succession.

Methods

The operating performances of four lab-scale simulated river biofilm reactors were examined which employed different start-up methods (natural enrichment and artificial enhancement viadischarging sediment with influent velocity gradient increase) and different bio-fillers (Elastic filler and AquaMats? ecobase). At the same time, the microbial communities of the bioreactors in different phases were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and sequencing.

Results and discussion

The pollutants removal performances became stable in the four reactors after 2 months?? operation, with ammonia nitrogen and permanganate index (COD_Mn) removal efficiencies of 84.41?C94.21% and 69.66?C76.60%, respectively. The biomass of mature biofilm was higher in the bioreactors by artificial enhancement than that by natural enrichment. Microbial community analysis indicated that elastic filler could enrich mature biofilm faster than AquaMats?. The heterotrophic bacteria diversity of biofilm decreased by artificial enhancement, which favored the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) developing on the bio-fillers. Furthermore, Nitrosomonas- and Nitrosospira-like AOB coexisted in the biofilm, and Pseudomonas sp., Sphaerotilus sp., Janthinobacterium sp., Corynebacterium aurimucosum were dominant in the oligotrophic niche.

Conclusion

Artificial enhancement via the combination of sediment discharging and influent velocity gradient increasing could enhance the biofilm formation and autotrophic AOB enrichment in oligotrophic niche.     

Octanol–air partition coefficients of polybrominated biphenyls

The octanol–air partition coefficients (K_OA) for PBB15, PBB26, PBB31, PBB49, PBB103 and PBB153 were determined as a function of temperature using a gas chromatographic retention time technique with 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (p,p′-DDT) as a reference substance. The internal energies of phase change from octanol to air (Δ_OAU) were calculated for the six compounds and were in the range from 74 to 116 kJ mol⁻¹. Simple regression equations of log K_OA versus relative retention times (RRTs) on gas chromatography (GC), and log K_OA versus molecular connectivity indexes (MCI) were obtained, for which the correlation coefficients (r²) were greater than 0.985 at 283.15 K and 298.15 K. Thus the K_OA values of the remaining PBBs can be predicted by using their RRTs and MCI according to these relationships.