城市灾害对城市土地利用的影响

随着城市的不断扩张，对城市土地利用的需求量也在不断增加。地震、火灾、风灾、地质破坏是现代城市的主要灾害，城市灾害在一定程度上制约着土地利用的类型。充分运用GIS的空间分析功能，研究了城市灾害对城市土地利用的影响，所得结果可为城市土地利用规划提供辅助决策参考。     

一种机(针)织物与非织造布网络互穿复合材料的研究

本文主要对机织物与非织造布复合材料的网络互穿结构进行了描述,并从材料选择、单体试制、复合工艺方面进行了实践,研制出了较高透气性能和剥离强度的复合材料。     

基于道化学法的大型合成氨装置安全评价

根据道化学公司火灾、爆炸危险指数的基本原理。用VH6．0开发的安全评价软件DowSE1．0，对某大型合成氨装置进行安全评价，得出其安全措施补偿前后的火灾、爆炸指数F＆EI以及危险暴露面积，危害系数，危险等级，实际可能财产损失程度等指数。结果表明。合成氨装置中实际最大可能财产损失值都没有超过200万美元，气化系统在合成氨装置中实际最大可能财产损失值占损失替换值比例高达53％，超过了10％的相对危险值界限。说明在引进国外技术时应注重其安全防范配套措施消化吸收，并结合实际采取切实可行的安全措施，降低合成氨装置的风险程度。     

Planar detonation structure for chain-branching kinetics with large activation energy and small initiation rate

The structure of the steady planar detonation wave is analyzed for three-step chain-branching kinetics consistent with hydrogen–air chemistry. The initiation and chain-branching steps are described by an Arrhenius rate. Both are thermally neutral, so that heat release is due to termination. The initiation rate is typically very low and very stiff. As a result, a small fraction of the reactant is consumed in the initiation region, which is very long but ends in an exponential chain-branching explosion. Next, the reactant is rapidly converted into chain-branching radicals, within a very thin zone, which ends when the concentration of the chain-branching radical reaches a peak, because of reactant depletion. Finally, the termination step consumes the chain-branching radicals and releases heat within a region thicker than the peak zone, but much thinner than the initiation region. The analysis is based upon two assumptions: that the chain-branching activation energy is high and that initiation is slow. The structure of the initiation and chain-branching zones is different for post-shock states within or outside the explosion region in the chain-branching diagram. In the former situation, chain-branching is already stronger than termination at the von Neumann point, and vice versa. In the no-explosion case, the initiation zone becomes very long, while the little chain-branching specie produced by initiation is directly converted into product by the termination step. Temperature increases slowly until reaching the explosion curve, when chain-branching becomes stronger than termination. The subsequent structure is similar to the explosion case.     

A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR WATER AND RELATED LAND RESOURCE PLANNING1

ABSTRACT. Planning an optimal system of activities for generating economic goods and services within an existing natural resource capacity is a difficult problem to solve. A mathematical programming model with the capacity to check multiple resource demand and supply compatibility over many time periods was developed for the solution to this type of problem. The characteristics of natural resource supply and the demand of activities were utilized to reduce the number of time periods and to minimize the loss of the dynamic reality of the problem. Reduction in the number of time periods extended the capability of the model to the solution of complex resource planning problems without oversimplification.     

Biodegradation Behaviors of Poly(p-dioxanone) in Different Environment Media

This work was aimed at researching the aerobic biodegradation of poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO), a novel kind of degradable polymer material, by simulating real-life conditions in a laboratory-scale test, specified by the standard methods based on two biodegradation environments, composting and aqueous media. To measure and describe the biodegradability of PPDO, not only had carbon dioxide produced by respiratory metabolism of microorganism been measured, which determines the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of chemical compounds, but also the detailed results of biodegradation were further characterized by monitoring physical, chemical and thermal properties changes of test materials at different incubation times in the two media, confirmed by using the appropriate analytical techniques. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface morphology, and the thermal performance of PPDO was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The changes of molecular weight were detected by intrinsic viscosity ([η]) and gel permeation chromatography, and the variations of the molecular structure were monitored by the nuclear magnetic resonance and FT-IR. The results show that PPDO has outstanding character of biodegradation and may be more adapted for biodegrading in liquid medium than in composting.     

Reutilisation-extended material flows and circular economy in China

Circular economy (CE), with its basic principle of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle, has been determined as the key strategy for the national development plan by the Chinese government. Given the economy-wide material flow analysis (EW-MFA) that leaves the inner flow of resource reutilisation unidentified, the reutilisation-extended EW-MFA is first introduced to evaluate and analyse the material input, solid waste generation, and reutilisation simultaneously. The total amount of comprehensive reutilisation (CR) is divided into three sub-flows, namely, reutilisation, recycle, and reuse. Thus, this model is used to investigate the resource CR in China from 2000 to 2010. China’s total amount of CR and its sub-flows, as well as the CR rate, remain to have a general upward trend. By the year 2010, about 60% of the overall solid waste generation had already been reutilised, and more than 20% of the total resource requirement was reutilised resource. Moreover, the growth patterns of the CR sub flows show different characteristics.Interpretations of resource reutilisation-related laws and regulations of CE and the corresponding policy suggestions are proposed based on the results.     

Detailed Ecological Footprint Accounting of Liaoning in 2006

Ecological footprint （EF） has received considerable attention as a useful indicator in the context of sustainable development. So far, EF has been used in numerous studies by academies, organizations and government authorities. However, the results of these studies failed to be comparable directly with each other due to imprecise data sets, unmodified accounting methods of pasture and fossil energy, ignored secondary products, undefined process Of calculating yield factors and improper biocapacity for biodiversity. In this paper, we elaborated on EF estimating methods from six categories of consumption in order to overcome the limitations above. We adopted precise data and revised methods, calculated EF of some secondary products, introduced weighted factor to calculate yield factors and adjusted biocapacity by an appropriate amount. Meanwhile, we investigated the resource consumption of Liaoning Province in 2006 to assess EF. Its results showed that Liaoning Province overused its natural capital and was in an unsustainable state. We concluded that two specific problems that had arisen in EF assessment and gave some suggestions for Liaoning Province to improve its unsustainable state.     

生活垃圾填埋产沼的提取净化利用

垃圾填埋是目前我国各城市广为采用的垃圾处理方式，但垃圾填埋产沼以后对沼气的回收利用却不被人们所熟知和重视。由此造成了对可开发利用的二次能源的极大浪费，而沼气对周围环境也造成了严重的污染并对大气臭氧层造成了破坏。本文阐述了垃圾填埋产沼回收的必要性和经济性，对垃圾填埋产沼提取利用、制取汽车压缩气的可行性及工艺流程进行了分析和介绍。